26134 Business Statistics Mahrita Harahaputs edu au WHAT

26134 Business Statistics Mahrita. Harahap@uts. edu. au WHAT IS STATISTICS? Week 1 Tutorial: Foundation Mathematics for Business Statistics 1 The objective of this tutorial is for students to identify gaps in their maths knowledge early so they don’t make errors and little mistakes that will cost them marks in other assessments. Please go through the Power. Point file “Calculator”.

BSTATS-KEY ASSESSMENT ITEMS “THRESHOLD CONCEPTS” THRESHOLD WEEK THRESHOLD CONCEPT 1 (TH 1): Identifying relevant data, understanding measurement properties of data WEEK 1 THRESHOLD CONCEPT 2 (TH 2): Understanding Data and summarizing data WEEK 2 THRESHOLD CONCEPT 3 (TH 3): Relating variables and analyzing relationships between variables WEEKS 3 -5 THRESHOLD CONCEPT 4 (TH 4): Theoretical foundation of statistical inference. WEEK 7 Understanding events and using data to calculate the probability of occurrence of an event. THRESHOLD CONCEPT 5 (TH 5): Theoretical foundation of statistical inference: Collecting samples and drawing inference WEEK 10 THRESHOLD CONCEPT 6 (TH 6): Theoretical foundation of statistical inference: Building interval estimates and constructing hypothesis for statistical inference WEEKS 1112 2

THRESHOLD ASSESSMENT WEEK 5 WEEK 9 WEEK 11 QUIZ 2 “MAKE-UP FINAL EXAM QUIZ TH 1 TH 2 TH 3 TH 4 MARKS 10 marks TH 5 20 marks TH 6 20 marks Assignment 20 marks = alternate opportunity to achieve marks for TH 1 and TH 2 3 = alternate opportunity to achieve marks for TH 3 and TH 4 100 marks

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Student Resources • • 5 UPASS - is a voluntary “study session” where you will be studying the subject with other students in a group. It is led by a student who has previously achieved a distinction or high distinction in that subject, and who has a good WAM. You can sign up for U: PASS sessions in My Student Admin https: //onestopadmin. uts. edu. au/. Note that sign up is not open until week 1, as it’s voluntary and only students who want to go should sign up To Sign Up to these groups go to this Mon 09: 00 -10: 00 CB 02. 06. 37 website: helps-booking. uts. edu. au Maths Study Center @ CB 04. 03. 331 Free drop-in one on one consultation tutoring on math/stats related questions 11 am to 5 pm on weekdays Online resources such as youtube or www. khanacademy. org Discussion Board on UTS Online Mon 10: 00 -11: 00 CB 02. 06. 37 Mon 11: 00 -12: 00 CB 02. 06. 37 Mon 14: 00 -15: 00 CB 02. 06. 37 Mon 16: 00 -17: 00 CB 02. 06. 37 Mon 17: 00 -18: 00 CB 02. 06. 37 Tue 18: 00 -19: 00 CB 02. 06. 37 Wed 09: 00 -10: 00 CB 02. 06. 37 Wed 11: 00 -12: 00 CB 05 C. 015 Wed 12: 00 -13: 00 CB 05 C. 015 Wed 15: 00 -16: 00 CB 05 C. 02. 054

Question 1: Order of mathematical operation BIDMAS: Brackets, Indices, Division and Multiplication, Addition and Subtraction NOTE: in b), when there is a divisor line, it instructs you to treat the quantity above the numerator as if it were enclosed in a parenthesis, and to treat the quantity below the numerator as if it were enclosed in yet another parenthesis. 6

Question 2: Converting Units of Measure a) 12. 5 hours + 43. 2 minutes = NOTE: To turn hours into minutes, there are 60 minutes in an hour, so multiply 12. 5 by 60 and you will get 12. 5 hours in terms of minutes. b) 26 km/h + 4 m/s = NOTE: There are 1000 meters in a kilometer. So multiply 26 by 1000 to give you 26 km in terms of meters. There are 3600 seconds in an hour, so to turn m/h into m/s, divide 26000 by 3600 to give you 26000 m/h in terms of m/s. 7

Question 3: Square Root REMEMBER: (from q 1) when there is a divisor line, it instructs you to treat the quantity above the numerator as if it were enclosed in a parenthesis, and to treat the quantity below the numerator as if it were enclosed in yet another parenthesis. 8

Question 4: Indices Rules 9 NOTE: in d), mathematicians define y^0 = 1 in order to make the laws of exponents work even when the exponents can no longer be thought of as repeated multiplication. For example, (y^3)(y^5) = y^8 because you can add exponents. In the same way (y^0)(y^2)=y^2 by adding exponents. But that means that y^0 must be 1 because when you multiply y^2 by it, the result is y^2. Only y^0 = 1 makes sense here.

Question 5: Converting Decimals to Percentage to Fractions 10 NOTE: this is a very fundamental concept and often very handy to simplify and solve problems. From decimals to percentage, multiply by 100. From decimals to fractions, divide the decimal form by 1 then multiply top and bottom of this fraction by the value that will give us an integer in the numerator. (For example, if there are two numbers after the decimal point, then use 100, if there are three then use 1000, etc. ). Then simplify the fraction.

Question 6: Mathematical Notation Because superscripted exponents like 107 cannot always be conveniently displayed, the letter E is often used to represent "times ten raised to the power of" (which would be written as "× 10 n") and is followed by the value of the exponent; in other words, for any two real numbers m and n, the usage of "m. En" would indicate a value of m × 10 n. 11

Question 7: Factorial ! a) If n=10, p=5 , y=0, Find n!, p! and y! NOTE: To find out why 0!=1 go to http: //mathforum. org/library/drmath/view/57128. html b) For the same values calculate p!/[(n-p)!]= 12

Question 8: Exponential functions On the calculator: 13

In statistics we usually want to statistically analyse a population but collecting data for the whole population is usually impractical, expensive and unavailable. That is why we collect samples from the population (sampling) and make inferences about the population parameters using the statistics of the sample (inferencing) with some level of accuracy (confidence level). A population is a collection of all possible individuals, objects, or measurements of interest. A sample is a subset of the population of interest.