252013 Drivers Landbased sources of pollution Contaminant spills

2/5/2013

Drivers Land-based sources of pollution Contaminant spills Debris Climate Change - atmosphere Invasive species C. C - storms Stormwater runoff F. W. – nutrient loads Damage from boating Harmful Algae Blooms Fish harvesting Dredging and fill C. C. – air temperature C. C. – altered rainfall and evap. Disease Climate Change - ocean C. C. - Ocean acidification Marine debris – ghost traps Marine construction Sea level rise Altered shoreline Altered circulation Water management FW Quantity FW Timing FW Distribution Damage to bottom Increased impervious area 2/5/2013 Dredging and fill Altered shoreline Damage from boating

Florida Keys / Dry Tortugas Water Column 2/5/2013

Southwest Florida Shelf Water Column 2/5/2013

Southeast Florida Coast Water Column 2/5/2013

Southeast Florida Coast Attributes that people care about Lots and large variety of fish Lots and variety of marine wildlife Fish and Shellfish Seafood safety Attributes we measure Coral reef complex and sport fish Population statistics Spiny lobster and pink shrimp Landings Catch/yield Effort Altered inshore habitat Juveniles and prey base Mangroves Seagrass beds Fishing / harvesting Water management ? Inshore water quality Invasive species Disease 2/5/2013 F. W. – nutrient loads F. W. – contaminant loads Coral Reef Fisheries Complex: Greater amberjack Black grouper Blue angelfish French angelfish Gray triggerfish Great barracuda Hogfish Mangrove(gray) snapper Mutton snapper Parrotfish Queen angelfish Red grouper Rock beauty Tomtate White grunt Yellowtail snapper Bonefish Atlantic tarpon Marine construction Dredging and fill Altered shoreline FW Quantity FW Timing FW Distribution

Attributes that people care about Lots and variety of marine wildlife Lots and large variety of fish Southwest Florida Shelf Fish and Shellfish Seafood safety Attributes we measure Golliath grouper Sawfish Occurrence Inshore commercial fishery Landings Occurrence Effort Juveniles and prey base Altered inshore habitat Water column SAV Coastal wetlands Offshore commercial fishery Landings Effort Offshore benthic habitat Inshore flats Oyster reefs Harmful Algae Blooms Land-based sources of pollution Contaminant spills F. W. – nutrient loads 2/5/2013 Water management FW Quantity FW Distribution FW Timing Fishing / harvesting Climate Change atmosphere C. C - storms Inshore fishery: Red drum Spotted sea trout Mullet Blue crab Offshore fishery: Stone crab King mackerel Pompano Red grouper Other grouper Snapper

Florida Keys / Dry Tortugas Attributes that people care about Lots and large variety of fish Lots and variety of marine wildlife Seafood safety Fish and Shellfish Attributes we measure Snapper-grouper complex and sport fish Diversity Pop. stats Caribbean spiny lobster Catch/yield Landings Long-spined urchin Occurrence Effort Juveniles and prey base ? Altered inshore habitat Altered reef habitat Mangroves Seagrass beds Water column ? Coral and hardbottom Fishing / harvesting Invasive species Keys nearshore water quality 2/5/2013 F. W. – nutrient loads F. W. – contaminant loads Ocean W. Q. – Harmful Algae Blooms Disease Marine debris – ghost traps Grazing

Southeast Florida Coast Attributes that people care about Lots and large variety of fish Critical habitat for protected species Ecosystem resilience to disturbance Protect from erosion and storms Natural filter/ nutrient regulation Carbon sequestration Attributes we measure Seagrass Spatial extent beds Nutrient reduction Habitat: Seagrass beds Species composition Changes in salinity Eutrophication Water column sub-model Water management Damage to bottom Dredging and fill Altered shoreline Damage from boating 2/5/2013 Land-based sources of pollution FW nutrient loads Stormwater runoff FW Quantity FW Timing FW Distribution

Florida Keys / Dry Tortugas Attributes that people care about Lots and large variety of fish Critical habitat for protected species Ecosystem resilience to disturbance Protect from erosion and storms Natural filter/ nutrient regulation Carbon sequestration Habitat: Seagrass Beds Attributes we measure Nutrient uptake Spatial extent Chemical content Biomass Depth distribution Genetic diversity Species composition Nursery habitat Eutrophication Damage from boating Changes in food web Water column submodel Nutrient and contaminants Fish and shellfish Freshwater inflow - nutrients Stormwater 2/5/2013 Wastewater Fish harvesting

Southwest Florida Shelf Attributes that people care about Lots and large variety of fish Critical habitat for protected species Ecosystem resilience to disturbance Protect from erosion and storms Natural filter/ nutrient regulation Carbon sequestration Habitat: SAV beds Attributes we measure Plant morphology Max depth Area covered Density Nutrient uptake Reprod. , growth and survival Plankton, and turbidity Species compos. Contaminant spills 2/5/2013 Dredging – sediment remobile Fish and Shellfish Salinity thresholds Water column Submodel C. C - storms Nursery habitat Stormwater runoff F. W. – nutrient loads F. W. timing – salinity change F. W. quantity – salinity change

Attributes that people care about Southeast Florida Coast Habitat: Mangroves Lots and large variety of fish Variety and number of birds Aesthetics – on land Carbon sequestration Filter wastewater and runoff Critical habitat for protected species Attributes we measure Functioning of mangrove forest Bird and fish use Fish nursery hab. Structure of mangrove forest Nesting habitat Prey-base fish Forest type Spatial extent Competition Land-based sources of pollution Climate change - atmosphere Sea level rise Contaminant spills Debris Stormwater runoff 2/5/2013 Habitat loss Mangrove die -off Invasive species Offshore oil spills Species composition Air temperature Marine construction Altered shoreline Altered circulation

Attributes that people care about Florida Keys / Dry Tortugas Habitat: Mangroves Lots and large variety of fish Variety and number of birds Aesthetics – on land Carbon sequestration Filter wastewater and runoff Critical habitat for protected species Attributes we measure Functioning of mangrove forest Bird and fish use Fish nursery hab. Structure of mangrove forest Nesting habitat Prey-base fish Forest type Mangrove die -off Competition Invasive species 2/5/2013 Marine stormwater runoff Conversion of habitat Climate Change Exogenous contaminants Contaminant spills Debris Spatial extent C. C - storms C. C. – air temperature Species composition Habitat loss Altered shoreline and circulation patterns Dredging – altered circulation Altered shoreline Sea level rise

Attributes that people care about Southwest Florida Shelf Lots and large variety of fish Variety and number of birds Aesthetics – on land Protect from erosion and storms Carbon sequestration Filter wastewater and runoff Critical habitat for protected species Environmental education and research Habitat: Coastal Wetlands Attributes we measure Soil and water Water levels Landscape structure Vegetation Chemical Nutrients & contaminants content Biomass Species comp. Biodiversity Spatial extent Habitat connectivity Habitat Coastal nutrient dynamics Vegetation dynamics Coastal salinity gradients Land-based sources of pollution 2/5/2013 F. W. – nutrient loads Climate Change - ocean Sea level rise Fish and Shellfish Marl/peat accretion & erosion Water levels / hydroperiods Water column sub-model Tidal channel dynamics Water management Climate Change atmosphere FW Quantity FW Timing FW Distribution C. C - storms

Florida Keys / Dry Tortugas Attributes that people care about Lots of healthy coral Protect from erosion and storms Lots and large variety of fish Aesthetics Critical habitat for protected species Recreation Ecosystem resilience to disturbance Habitat: Coral reefs and hardbottom Attributes we measure Reef structure Diversity Species abundance Species distribution Colony Sizes Habitat Coral growth, mortality, reproduction, recruitment Macroalgae Damage from boating Climate Change Disease C. C - storms Water Column Submodel C. C. – air temperature 2/5/2013 C. C. - Ocean acidification Wastewater discharge Fish and Shellfish Fishing / harvesting

Southeast Florida Coast Attributes that people care about Lots of healthy coral Protect from erosion and storms Lots and large variety of fish Aesthetics Critical habitat for protected species Recreation Ecosystem resilience to disturbance Habitat: Coral reefs and hardbottom Attributes we measure Reef structure Species abundance Diversity Species distribution Colony Sizes % cover by species/group Habitat Macroalgae Coral growth, mortality, reproduction, recruitment Boating (damages from anchoring) Fish and Shellfish Water Column Submodel Disease Fishing / harvesting Navigation and port operations Climate Change atmosphere Marine construction Dredging and fill C. C - storms 2/5/2013 Altered circulation Climate Change - ocean C. C. – sea temperature C. C. - Ocean acidification Wastewater discharge (outfalls)

Southwest Florida Shelf Habitat: Inshore Flats Attributes that people care about Protect from erosion and storms Critical habitat for protected species Lots and large variety of fish Carbon sequestration Attributes we measure Subtidal flats Intertidal flats Mortality events Epifauna, infauna Water quality: - Altered salinity - Dissolved Oxygen - Nutrient conc. - Turbidity Water column Sub-model Algal blooms Intertidal infauna Feeding habitat Fish and Shellfish Erosion and sedimentation Increased impervious area Climate Change atmosphere Water management Land-based sources of pollution Marine construction Dredging and fill F. W. – nutrient loads 2/5/2013 FW Quantity Climate Change ocean FW Timing Sea level rise Altered circulation FW Distribution C. C - storms

Ecosystem Services -Attributes that people care about Protect from erosion and storms Critical habitat for protected species Shoreline geomorphology Quality of beaches and shoreline Tourism-related jobs Aesthetics – on land water Unique oceanfront environment Area of nearshore hardbottom buried Beach cleanup assessment Southeast Florida Coast Habitat: Beaches Recreation Ocean access Human health Area of vegetated dune habitat Water quality parameters State Impacts to nearshore hardbottom Beach erosion/accretion Nutrient upwelling (offshore) Drivers and Pressures Climate Change atmosphere C. C – storms, wind, wave climate FEM 2014 Marine construction Dredging and fill Altered shoreline (beach structures) Water column sub-model Impacts or loss of dune habitat Attributes we measure and analyze Marine Debris Climate Change ocean Sea level rise Urban services Outdoor lighting Beach cleaning, grooming Land-based sources of pollution F. W. – nutrient loads Solid Waste (trash)

Southwest Florida Shelf Attributes that people care about Lots and large variety of fish Protect from erosion and storms Critical habitat for protected species Natural filter / nutrient regulation Habitat: Oyster reefs Attributes we measure Habitat use Reef structure Density & cover Condition index Larval/ spat #’s Filtration Reprod. , growth and survival Sedimentation Plankton (incl. Red tides) Predation Fish and Shellfish Salinity Water column sub-model Climate Change atmosphere C. C - storms 2/5/2013 Water management Marine construction Dredging and fill Feeding habitat FW Quantity FW Timing Land-based sources of pollution Contaminant spills Stormwater runoff F. W. – nutrient loads

Southwest Florida Shelf Attributes that people care about Lots and variety of marine wildlife Lots of healthy coral Habitat: Offshore benthic Lots and large variety of fish Quality of beaches and shoreline Attributes we measure Pen shell/mobile invertebrates Density Macroalgae, coral, invertebrates Distribution Area covered Excessive macroalgae Red tide Water column transparency Marine construction Dredging and fill Density Trichodesium Land-based sources of pollution F. W. – nutrient loads Nursery habitat Sediment scour and deposition Fish and Shellfish Climate Change atmosphere Water column sub-model Stormwater runoff 2/5/2013 Percent cover Water management FW Quantity FW Timing C. C - storms

Ecosystem Services Opportunity for beach activities Opportunity for wildlife recreation Opportunity for bird watching Opportunity for recreational fishing Supply of high quality seafood Opportunity for diving, snorkel, boating Opportunity for comm. fish harvest Opportunity for subsistence fishing Marine dependent people Primary users Various drivers, Effects on environment Lots of healthy coral Lots and variety of marine wildlife Ecosystem resilience to disturbance Protect from erosion and storms Envi. education and research Other State sub-models 2/5/2013 Secondary users Variety and number of birds Critical habitat for protected species Tertiary users Air quality - odor Aesthetics – on water Seafood safety Aesthetics – on land Lots and large variety of fish Quality of beaches and shoreline Attributes that people care about

Ecosystem Services Marine dependent people Primary users Water column Fish Attributes that people care about Mangrove Seagrasses Coral and hardbottom 2/5/2013 Secondary users Coastal Marine environment Tertiary users