25 Vehicle Rescue and Extrication 25 Objectives 1
![25 Vehicle Rescue and Extrication 25 Vehicle Rescue and Extrication](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-1.jpg)
25 Vehicle Rescue and Extrication
![25 Objectives (1 of 2) • Describe the vehicle anatomy. • List the hazards 25 Objectives (1 of 2) • Describe the vehicle anatomy. • List the hazards](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-2.jpg)
25 Objectives (1 of 2) • Describe the vehicle anatomy. • List the hazards involved in responding to an emergency scene. • List the hazards to look for when arriving on the scene of a vehicle extrication situation. • Describe cribbing. 2
![25 Objectives (2 of 2) • Describe the extrication tools that are used for 25 Objectives (2 of 2) • Describe the extrication tools that are used for](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-3.jpg)
25 Objectives (2 of 2) • Describe the extrication tools that are used for stabilizing, bending, cutting, and disassembling. • Describe how to gain access to the victim. 3
![25 Introduction • Beginning fire fighters must understand the process of extrication. – Should 25 Introduction • Beginning fire fighters must understand the process of extrication. – Should](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-4.jpg)
25 Introduction • Beginning fire fighters must understand the process of extrication. – Should have some proficiency in extrication skills – Most fire departments are involved in some part of the extrication process. • Members of special rescue teams should complete a course in rescue techniques. 4
![25 Conventional Vehicles • Majority of vehicles on the road • Use internal combustion 25 Conventional Vehicles • Majority of vehicles on the road • Use internal combustion](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-5.jpg)
25 Conventional Vehicles • Majority of vehicles on the road • Use internal combustion engines • Burn gasoline or diesel fuel – Hazards • Fuel leaks • Short circuits • Battery acid leaks 5
![25 Alternative-Powered Vehicles (1 of 2) • Powered by compressed natural gas (CNG) – 25 Alternative-Powered Vehicles (1 of 2) • Powered by compressed natural gas (CNG) –](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-6.jpg)
25 Alternative-Powered Vehicles (1 of 2) • Powered by compressed natural gas (CNG) – Cylinders usually in truck, but can be in any convenient location – City buses and other fleet vehicles – Identified by CNG sticker mounted on front and back of vehicle 6
![25 Alternative-Powered Vehicles (2 of 2) • After crash, cylinders or fuel lines could 25 Alternative-Powered Vehicles (2 of 2) • After crash, cylinders or fuel lines could](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-7.jpg)
25 Alternative-Powered Vehicles (2 of 2) • After crash, cylinders or fuel lines could be damaged. – CNG could escape. – Threat of BLEVE 7
![25 Electric-Powered Vehicles • Propelled by electric motor powered by batteries • Contains a 25 Electric-Powered Vehicles • Propelled by electric motor powered by batteries • Contains a](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-8.jpg)
25 Electric-Powered Vehicles • Propelled by electric motor powered by batteries • Contains a large number of batteries • Hazards – Large amount of energy stored in batteries – Potential electrical shorts – Leakage from damaged batteries – Voltage higher then 12 -volt car battery 8
![25 Hybrid Vehicles • Use battery-powered electric motors and a gasoline-powered engine • Electric 25 Hybrid Vehicles • Use battery-powered electric motors and a gasoline-powered engine • Electric](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-9.jpg)
25 Hybrid Vehicles • Use battery-powered electric motors and a gasoline-powered engine • Electric power used at low speed, gas power at high speed • When stopped at a traffic light, both sources of power turn off. – Car said to be hibernating • Hazards posed are same as gas- and electric-powered vehicles. 9
![25 Vehicle Anatomy (1 of 2) • The front of the vehicle is where 25 Vehicle Anatomy (1 of 2) • The front of the vehicle is where](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-10.jpg)
25 Vehicle Anatomy (1 of 2) • The front of the vehicle is where the hood is and travels down the road first. • The rear of the car is where the trunk sits and goes down the road last. 10
![25 Vehicle Anatomy (2 of 2) • The left side of the car – 25 Vehicle Anatomy (2 of 2) • The left side of the car –](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-11.jpg)
25 Vehicle Anatomy (2 of 2) • The left side of the car – On your left as you sit in the vehicle – In the United States and Canada, the driver’s seat is on the left side of the vehicle. • The right side of the vehicle is where the passenger’s seat is located. • Always refer to left and right as they relate to the vehicle. 11
![25 Vehicle Posts • Connect the body of the car to the roof of 25 Vehicle Posts • Connect the body of the car to the roof of](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-12.jpg)
25 Vehicle Posts • Connect the body of the car to the roof of the car and are structural supports • “A” post is located nearest the front of the vehicle. • “B” post is located between the front and rear doors. • “C” post is located behind the rear doors. 12
![25 Bulkhead • Divides the engine compartment from the passenger compartment – The passenger 25 Bulkhead • Divides the engine compartment from the passenger compartment – The passenger](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-13.jpg)
25 Bulkhead • Divides the engine compartment from the passenger compartment – The passenger compartment includes the front and back seats. • Sometimes called the occupant cage or occupant compartment 13
![25 Platform Frame • Platform frame uses beams to fabricate the load-bearing frame. – 25 Platform Frame • Platform frame uses beams to fabricate the load-bearing frame. –](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-14.jpg)
25 Platform Frame • Platform frame uses beams to fabricate the load-bearing frame. – The engine, transmission, and body components connect to the frame. – Provides a sound place for stabilizing the vehicle and an anchor point for attaching cables or extrication tools 14
![25 Unibody Frame • Unibody seen in most modern cars • Combines the vehicle 25 Unibody Frame • Unibody seen in most modern cars • Combines the vehicle](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-15.jpg)
25 Unibody Frame • Unibody seen in most modern cars • Combines the vehicle frame and body into a single component • Allows manufacturers to develop lighter weight vehicles • Remember that unibody vehicles do not have the frame rails in platform frame vehicles. 15
![25 Respond to the Scene • Safe response includes: – Picking the best route 25 Respond to the Scene • Safe response includes: – Picking the best route](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-16.jpg)
25 Respond to the Scene • Safe response includes: – Picking the best route of travel for the time of day – Driving in a safe manner – Knowing limits of your vehicle – Keeping seatbelts fastened – Evaluating the dispatch information – Listening carefully for any direction 16
![25 Arrival and Size-Up: Traffic Hazards (1 of 3) • Determine where to locate 25 Arrival and Size-Up: Traffic Hazards (1 of 3) • Determine where to locate](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-17.jpg)
25 Arrival and Size-Up: Traffic Hazards (1 of 3) • Determine where to locate your emergency vehicle. • Take into account the safety of emergency workers, the victims, and the motorists. • Do not hesitate to request the road to be closed. 17
![25 Arrival and Size-Up: Traffic Hazards (2 of 3) • Use large emergency vehicles 25 Arrival and Size-Up: Traffic Hazards (2 of 3) • Use large emergency vehicles](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-18.jpg)
25 Arrival and Size-Up: Traffic Hazards (2 of 3) • Use large emergency vehicles to provide a barrier for motorists who fail to heed emergency warning lights. • Place apparatus at an angle to the crash. • Traffic cones or flares can be placed to direct motorists away from the crash. 18
![25 Arrival and Size-Up: Traffic Hazards (3 of 3) • Fire fighters need to 25 Arrival and Size-Up: Traffic Hazards (3 of 3) • Fire fighters need to](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-19.jpg)
25 Arrival and Size-Up: Traffic Hazards (3 of 3) • Fire fighters need to be visible at a crash scene. – PPE should be bright. – PPE used at night needs to be equipped with reflective material. • Be alert for any vehicles that might cause you injury. – Do not assume that motorists will always heed your warning lights. • IC should perform a size-up. 19
![25 Arrival and Size-Up: Fire Hazards • Look for spilled fuels and other flammable 25 Arrival and Size-Up: Fire Hazards • Look for spilled fuels and other flammable](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-20.jpg)
25 Arrival and Size-Up: Fire Hazards • Look for spilled fuels and other flammable hazards. • Look for the presence of fire. • Fire may trap the vehicle occupants and require suppression. 20
![25 Arrival and Size-Up: Electrical and Other Hazards • Electrical hazards – Look for 25 Arrival and Size-Up: Electrical and Other Hazards • Electrical hazards – Look for](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-21.jpg)
25 Arrival and Size-Up: Electrical and Other Hazards • Electrical hazards – Look for downed or damaged power lines. • Other hazards – Environmental • Rain, sleet, ice or snow can pose a hazard to rescue workers. • Crashes that occur on hills are harder to stabilize. • Be aware of the possibility of hazardous materials. 21
![25 Arrival and Size-Up: Other Hazards • Look for the presence of infectious bodily 25 Arrival and Size-Up: Other Hazards • Look for the presence of infectious bodily](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-22.jpg)
25 Arrival and Size-Up: Other Hazards • Look for the presence of infectious bodily fluids. • Sharp edges and objects should be identified and when possible covered or removed. • Watch out for violent behavior by vehicle occupants. • Family pets may react protectively when rescuers attempt to gain access to their owner. 22
![25 Stabilize the Scene • Consists of reducing, removing, or mitigating the hazards at 25 Stabilize the Scene • Consists of reducing, removing, or mitigating the hazards at](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-23.jpg)
25 Stabilize the Scene • Consists of reducing, removing, or mitigating the hazards at the scene. – The order in which hazards are stabilized depends on the specific scene conditions and the amount of risk each hazard poses. 23
![25 Traffic Hazards • Traffic must be slowed or stopped as motorists approach the 25 Traffic Hazards • Traffic must be slowed or stopped as motorists approach the](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-24.jpg)
25 Traffic Hazards • Traffic must be slowed or stopped as motorists approach the scene of an emergency. • Traffic hazards are best handled by the appropriate law enforcement agency. • Work with law enforcement officials to control traffic in a safe manner. • If law enforcement is not on the scene, verify that they have been dispatched. 24
![25 Fire Hazards (1 of 2) • It should be SOP to advance a 25 Fire Hazards (1 of 2) • It should be SOP to advance a](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-25.jpg)
25 Fire Hazards (1 of 2) • It should be SOP to advance a charged hose line close to a damaged vehicle. • At least a 1. 5" hose should be staffed by a fire fighter in PPE. • Hose line can provide protection for rescuers and victims of the crash. 25
![25 Fire Hazards (2 of 2) • Crashes that pose large fire hazards or 25 Fire Hazards (2 of 2) • Crashes that pose large fire hazards or](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-26.jpg)
25 Fire Hazards (2 of 2) • Crashes that pose large fire hazards or actual fires may require additional fire suppression resources. • Small fuel spills can be handled by using an absorbent material to remove the fuel from the area around the damaged vehicle. 26
![25 Electrical Hazards • Disconnecting the vehicle’s power source should be done following your 25 Electrical Hazards • Disconnecting the vehicle’s power source should be done following your](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-27.jpg)
25 Electrical Hazards • Disconnecting the vehicle’s power source should be done following your local SOP. • Downed power lines should be handled by the power company. • Do not approach a vehicle and do not let a victim leave the vehicle until the electricity has been controlled. 27
![25 Other Hazards • Heat and cold should be dealt with. • Ensure adequate 25 Other Hazards • Heat and cold should be dealt with. • Ensure adequate](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-28.jpg)
25 Other Hazards • Heat and cold should be dealt with. • Ensure adequate lighting at night. • Prevent slips and falls on wet and icy surfaces. • Wear proper PPE to reduce the risk of injury from sharp objects and infectious bodily fluids. • Remove animals from the scene. 28
![25 Cribbing • Used to stabilize a vehicle • Lengths of wood used to 25 Cribbing • Used to stabilize a vehicle • Lengths of wood used to](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-29.jpg)
25 Cribbing • Used to stabilize a vehicle • Lengths of wood used to prevent a vehicle from moving backward and forward – After cribbing has been placed, a vehicle can still move. 29
![25 Step Blocks • Shaped like stair steps and are placed under the side 25 Step Blocks • Shaped like stair steps and are placed under the side](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-30.jpg)
25 Step Blocks • Shaped like stair steps and are placed under the side of the vehicle • Place one step block toward the front of the vehicle and a second step block toward the rear of the vehicle. 30
![25 Box Crib • Standard cribbing can be used to form a box crib. 25 Box Crib • Standard cribbing can be used to form a box crib.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-31.jpg)
25 Box Crib • Standard cribbing can be used to form a box crib. • Place cribbing at right angles to the preceding layer of cribbing. 31
![25 Vehicle Stabilization • A vehicle on its side or roof is very unstable. 25 Vehicle Stabilization • A vehicle on its side or roof is very unstable.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-32.jpg)
25 Vehicle Stabilization • A vehicle on its side or roof is very unstable. – Can be stabilized using box cribs or step blocks on each end of the vehicle 32
![25 Wedges • Used to snug up loose cribbing or when using lift airbags 25 Wedges • Used to snug up loose cribbing or when using lift airbags](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-33.jpg)
25 Wedges • Used to snug up loose cribbing or when using lift airbags • Should be the same size width as the cribbing with the taper end no less than 0. 25" thick 33
![25 Rescue Lift Airbags (1 of 3) • Pneumatic-filled bladders made of rubber or 25 Rescue Lift Airbags (1 of 3) • Pneumatic-filled bladders made of rubber or](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-34.jpg)
25 Rescue Lift Airbags (1 of 3) • Pneumatic-filled bladders made of rubber or synthetic material • Used to lift or spread • NEVER use alone to shore or stabilize • Always use cribbing when using rescue lift airbags. 34
![25 Rescue Lift Airbags (2 of 3) • Often used to lift a vehicle 25 Rescue Lift Airbags (2 of 3) • Often used to lift a vehicle](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-35.jpg)
25 Rescue Lift Airbags (2 of 3) • Often used to lift a vehicle or object off a victim • Use extreme caution when using rescue lift airbags. • Adhere to all the safety precautions in the owner’s manual. • Cribbing must be used in conjunction with rescue lift airbags. • Top layer of cribbing should be solid underneath the rescue lift airbag. 35
![25 Rescue Lift Airbags (3 of 3) • Should not be used without properly 25 Rescue Lift Airbags (3 of 3) • Should not be used without properly](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-36.jpg)
25 Rescue Lift Airbags (3 of 3) • Should not be used without properly blocking the wheels – This is a safety precaution in case of a catastrophic failure of a rescue lift airbag. • Rescue lift airbags can fail as they age. – They should be tested according to manufacturer’s recommendations. – After ten years, they have generally reached their useful life. 36
![25 Three Types of Rescue Lift Airbags (1 of 3) • Low-pressure airbags – 25 Three Types of Rescue Lift Airbags (1 of 3) • Low-pressure airbags –](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-37.jpg)
25 Three Types of Rescue Lift Airbags (1 of 3) • Low-pressure airbags – Often used in recovery operations and sometimes used by departments for vehicle rescue operations – Come in many shapes and sizes; but square airbags offer greater stability. – Can be less stable until fully inflated as compared to high-pressure airbags 37
![25 Three Types of Rescue Lift Airbags (2 of 3) • Medium-pressure airbags – 25 Three Types of Rescue Lift Airbags (2 of 3) • Medium-pressure airbags –](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-38.jpg)
25 Three Types of Rescue Lift Airbags (2 of 3) • Medium-pressure airbags – Have either two or three cells inside their design – Best when used in aircraft or truck rescue 38
![25 Three Types of Rescue Lift Airbags (3 of 3) • High-pressure airbags – 25 Three Types of Rescue Lift Airbags (3 of 3) • High-pressure airbags –](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-39.jpg)
25 Three Types of Rescue Lift Airbags (3 of 3) • High-pressure airbags – Most common airbags used by the fire service for rescue work – Heavily constructed – Generally made of vulcanized rubber mats that are reinforced by steel or other material woven into a fiber mat and covered with rubber 39
![25 Principles of Gaining Access and Disentangling the Victim (1 of 2) • Use 25 Principles of Gaining Access and Disentangling the Victim (1 of 2) • Use](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-40.jpg)
25 Principles of Gaining Access and Disentangling the Victim (1 of 2) • Use four techniques • Stabilize – Stabilize by using cribbing • Bend, distort, or displace – Bending a vehicle door back to get it out of the way 40
![25 Principles of Gaining Access and Disentangling the Victim (2 of 2) • Cut 25 Principles of Gaining Access and Disentangling the Victim (2 of 2) • Cut](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-41.jpg)
25 Principles of Gaining Access and Disentangling the Victim (2 of 2) • Cut or sever – Cutting a roof • Disassemble – Removing a vehicle door by unbolting the door hinges 41
![25 Tools Used in Extrication (1 of 5) • Stabilizing tools – Cribbing – 25 Tools Used in Extrication (1 of 5) • Stabilizing tools – Cribbing –](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-42.jpg)
25 Tools Used in Extrication (1 of 5) • Stabilizing tools – Cribbing – Rescue lift airbags – Step blocks • Be certain that they are placed firmly under the vehicle and that vehicle is stable before attempting to enter it. 42
![25 Tools Used in Extrication (2 of 5) • Bending tools – Hand tools 25 Tools Used in Extrication (2 of 5) • Bending tools – Hand tools](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-43.jpg)
25 Tools Used in Extrication (2 of 5) • Bending tools – Hand tools such as pry axe, short pry bars, long pry bars, and Halligan tools • Can be used to bend sheet metal – Power tools such as hydraulic rams and hydraulic spreaders 43
![25 Tools Used in Extrication (3 of 5) • Cutting tools – Hand tools 25 Tools Used in Extrication (3 of 5) • Cutting tools – Hand tools](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-44.jpg)
25 Tools Used in Extrication (3 of 5) • Cutting tools – Hand tools used for cutting are axes, bolt cutters, cable cutters, hacksaws, and manual hydraulic cutters. – Use the power tool to cut the proper material. – Power tools for cutting can be powered by air, electricity, or hydraulics. – Some examples are air chisels, rotary or reciprocating saws, hydraulic cutters. 44
![25 Tools Used in Extrication (4 of 5) • Air chisels can cut metal 25 Tools Used in Extrication (4 of 5) • Air chisels can cut metal](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-45.jpg)
25 Tools Used in Extrication (4 of 5) • Air chisels can cut metal posts. • Hydraulic cutter can cut through the roof posts of a vehicle. 45
![25 Tools Used in Extrication (5 of 5) • Tools for disassembling – Mechanic’s 25 Tools Used in Extrication (5 of 5) • Tools for disassembling – Mechanic’s](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-46.jpg)
25 Tools Used in Extrication (5 of 5) • Tools for disassembling – Mechanic’s tools such as wrenches and screwdrivers • Specialized equipment includes the come along. 46
![25 Gain Access to the Victim • Open the door. – Easiest and simplest 25 Gain Access to the Victim • Open the door. – Easiest and simplest](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-47.jpg)
25 Gain Access to the Victim • Open the door. – Easiest and simplest way to gain access – Try all doors even if they appear badly damaged. – Make sure door is unlocked and try the door with the least damage first. – Try the outside and inside handles at the same time if possible. 47
![25 Break Tempered Glass (1 of 3) • Consider breaking a window if victim’s 25 Break Tempered Glass (1 of 3) • Consider breaking a window if victim’s](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-48.jpg)
25 Break Tempered Glass (1 of 3) • Consider breaking a window if victim’s condition is serious and doors will not open. • Do not try to break and enter through the windshield. – Made of laminated windshield glass – Difficult to break 48
![25 Break Tempered Glass (2 of 3) • Side and rear windows are made 25 Break Tempered Glass (2 of 3) • Side and rear windows are made](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-49.jpg)
25 Break Tempered Glass (2 of 3) • Side and rear windows are made of tempered glass. – Will easily break into small pieces – Can be your primary access route • If possible break a window away from the victim to avoid further injury. • After breaking glass, use a gloved hand to remove as much of the broken glass as possible to avoid injuring rescuers. 49
![25 Break Tempered Glass (3 of 3) • Aim for a low corner if 25 Break Tempered Glass (3 of 3) • Aim for a low corner if](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-50.jpg)
25 Break Tempered Glass (3 of 3) • Aim for a low corner if using something other than a spring-loaded punch. • When the window is broken and glass removed, try to unlock door. • Breaking the rear window will sometimes provide an opening large enough to enable a rescuer to gain access to the victim. 50
![25 Force the Door (1 of 4) • Door displacement – May be difficult 25 Force the Door (1 of 4) • Door displacement – May be difficult](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-51.jpg)
25 Force the Door (1 of 4) • Door displacement – May be difficult and somewhat unpredictable • Choose door that will not endanger the safety of the victim. • Use hand tools to bend the sheet metal away from the edge of the door where the hydraulic tool is to be inserted. 51
![25 Force the Door (2 of 4) • Place the spreader in a position 25 Force the Door (2 of 4) • Place the spreader in a position](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-52.jpg)
25 Force the Door (2 of 4) • Place the spreader in a position so that it is not in the pathway of the door. • Do not stand in a position that might put you in danger. • Activate the hydraulic tool to push apart the outer sheet metal skin of the vehicle to expose the hinges or door latch. 52
![25 Force the Door (3 of 4) • Once the outer sheet metal has 25 Force the Door (3 of 4) • Once the outer sheet metal has](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-53.jpg)
25 Force the Door (3 of 4) • Once the outer sheet metal has been exposed, close the tips of the spreader and remove them. • Insert the closed tips onto the inner skin of the door and the doorjamb just above the latch or above the hinges. 53
![25 Force the Door (4 of 4) • Activate the spreader. – Separating a 25 Force the Door (4 of 4) • Activate the spreader. – Separating a](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-54.jpg)
25 Force the Door (4 of 4) • Activate the spreader. – Separating a door at the latch side • Place a 4" x 4" cribbing under the bottom of the door first. • Some hydraulic tools can cut door hinges. • Separating a door from hinge side – Place the spreader on top of the bottom hinge and separate door from hinge. – Place 4" x 4" cribbing underneath the door to hold it in place. 54
![25 Provide Initial Medical Care • As soon as you have secured access, begin 25 Provide Initial Medical Care • As soon as you have secured access, begin](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-55.jpg)
25 Provide Initial Medical Care • As soon as you have secured access, begin to provide emergency medical care. – A qualified emergency medical provider should do this. • Provide emotional as well as physical care. • Care can be provided while extrication is taking place. • Work toward the goal of getting the victim stabilized and removed from the vehicle as quickly and safely as possible. 55
![25 Disentangle the Victim (1 of 3) • Purpose is to remove the parts 25 Disentangle the Victim (1 of 3) • Purpose is to remove the parts](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-56.jpg)
25 Disentangle the Victim (1 of 3) • Purpose is to remove the parts of the vehicle that are trapping the victim • Remove the sheet metal and plastic from around the victim. • It is not “cutting the victim out of the vehicle. ” 56
![25 Disentangle the Victim (2 of 3) • Before beginning disentanglement, study the situation. 25 Disentangle the Victim (2 of 3) • Before beginning disentanglement, study the situation.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-57.jpg)
25 Disentangle the Victim (2 of 3) • Before beginning disentanglement, study the situation. – What is trapping the victim in the vehicle? – Perform only necessary procedures. – The order in which procedures are performed is dictated by scene conditions. 57
![25 Disentangle the Victim (3 of 3) • Protect the victim at all times. 25 Disentangle the Victim (3 of 3) • Protect the victim at all times.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-58.jpg)
25 Disentangle the Victim (3 of 3) • Protect the victim at all times. • Use backboards and blankets to shield victim. • Explain procedures to victims to reassure them. 58
![25 Displace the Seat (1 of 5) • In frontal and rear end crashes, 25 Displace the Seat (1 of 5) • In frontal and rear end crashes,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-59.jpg)
25 Displace the Seat (1 of 5) • In frontal and rear end crashes, the driver may be trapped between the steering wheel and the back of the front seat. • Displacing the seat can: – Relieve pressure on the driver – Give rescuers more space for removal 59
![25 Displace the Seat (2 of 5) • Attempt simplest steps first. – Attempt 25 Displace the Seat (2 of 5) • Attempt simplest steps first. – Attempt](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-60.jpg)
25 Displace the Seat (2 of 5) • Attempt simplest steps first. – Attempt to move seat back on its track either manually or engaging power seats. – Attempt to lower adjustable seat. – Perform a dash displacement if moving the seat back does not work. 60
![25 Displace the Seat (3 of 5) • As a last resort, use a 25 Displace the Seat (3 of 5) • As a last resort, use a](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-61.jpg)
25 Displace the Seat (3 of 5) • As a last resort, use a manual hydraulic spreader or a powered hydraulic tool to move the seat back. – Place one tip of the tool on the bottom of the seat. – Avoid pushing on the seat channel that is attached to the floor of the vehicle. 61
![25 Displace the Seat (4 of 5) • Place the other tip of the 25 Displace the Seat (4 of 5) • Place the other tip of the](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-62.jpg)
25 Displace the Seat (4 of 5) • Place the other tip of the spreader at the bottom of the “A” post doorjamb. • Support the victim. • Engage the seat adjustment lever on manual seats and open the spreader in a careful fashion. • Seat should move backward in a controlled fashion. 62
![25 Displace the Seat (5 of 5) • Remove seatback in some cases. – 25 Displace the Seat (5 of 5) • Remove seatback in some cases. –](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-63.jpg)
25 Displace the Seat (5 of 5) • Remove seatback in some cases. – Cut the upholstery away from the bottom of the seatback. – A reciprocating saw or a hydraulic cutter can be used to cut the supports for the seatback. – Be certain that the victim is supported and protected during this procedure. 63
![25 Remove the Windshield (1 of 5) • Removing windows provides better communication between 25 Remove the Windshield (1 of 5) • Removing windows provides better communication between](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-64.jpg)
25 Remove the Windshield (1 of 5) • Removing windows provides better communication between personnel inside and outside the vehicle. • Try and roll down windows first. • Side and rear windows are tempered glass that can be removed by striking in a lower corner. – Protect victims from glass by covering them. 64
![25 Remove the Windshield (2 of 5) • Windshield made of laminated glass • 25 Remove the Windshield (2 of 5) • Windshield made of laminated glass •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-65.jpg)
25 Remove the Windshield (2 of 5) • Windshield made of laminated glass • Cannot be broken by spring-loaded center punches • Consists of plastic laminated glass and designed like a sandwich • When struck by sharp stone or springloaded center punch, a small mark is formed, but remains intact. • Remove the windshield in one large piece. 65
![25 Remove the Windshield (3 of 5) • Most common technique is removing the 25 Remove the Windshield (3 of 5) • Most common technique is removing the](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-66.jpg)
25 Remove the Windshield (3 of 5) • Most common technique is removing the windshield by using an axe. – Protect victim. – Begin cutting at the top of windshield at the middle using short strokes of the axe. 66
![25 Remove the Windshield (4 of 5) – Cut down the side next to 25 Remove the Windshield (4 of 5) – Cut down the side next to](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-67.jpg)
25 Remove the Windshield (4 of 5) – Cut down the side next to the “A” post. – Finish by cutting the bottom of the windshield. 67
![25 Remove the Windshield (5 of 5) • Second rescuer starts at the top 25 Remove the Windshield (5 of 5) • Second rescuer starts at the top](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-68.jpg)
25 Remove the Windshield (5 of 5) • Second rescuer starts at the top of the windshield and cuts second half of the windshield. • When the second rescuer is finished, lift window out of the frame. – Place it in a safe area. • A saw can be used to accomplish this technique as well. 68
![25 Remove the Steering Wheel (1 of 3) • During a crash, the steering 25 Remove the Steering Wheel (1 of 3) • During a crash, the steering](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-69.jpg)
25 Remove the Steering Wheel (1 of 3) • During a crash, the steering wheel may be pushed back into the victim’s abdomen or chest. • Removing the steering wheel can help in disentangling a victim from the vehicle. 69
![25 Remove the Steering Wheel (2 of 3) • Removal of the entire steering 25 Remove the Steering Wheel (2 of 3) • Removal of the entire steering](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-70.jpg)
25 Remove the Steering Wheel (2 of 3) • Removal of the entire steering wheel is possible using hand or power tools. – Hand tools include hacksaws or bolt cutters. – Power tools include hydraulic cutters and reciprocating saws. 70
![25 Remove the Steering Wheel (3 of 3) • One method of removal is 25 Remove the Steering Wheel (3 of 3) • One method of removal is](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-71.jpg)
25 Remove the Steering Wheel (3 of 3) • One method of removal is to cut the spokes as close to the hub as possible. • Second method is to cut the hoop or ring. • Can be removed completely or one section can be cut or removed. • Cutting the hoop or spokes leaves sharp edges. – Sharp edges need to be covered. 71
![25 Displace the Dash (1 of 5) • During frontal crashes, the dash will 25 Displace the Dash (1 of 5) • During frontal crashes, the dash will](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-72.jpg)
25 Displace the Dash (1 of 5) • During frontal crashes, the dash will get pushed down or backward. • If victim is trapped by dash it must be removed. 72
![25 Displace the Dash (2 of 5) • Technique is called dash displacement or 25 Displace the Dash (2 of 5) • Technique is called dash displacement or](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-73.jpg)
25 Displace the Dash (2 of 5) • Technique is called dash displacement or a dash roll-up. – Objective is to lift the dash up and move it forward. 73
![25 Displace the Dash (3 of 5) • Requires a cutting tool such as 25 Displace the Dash (3 of 5) • Requires a cutting tool such as](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-74.jpg)
25 Displace the Dash (3 of 5) • Requires a cutting tool such as hacksaw, reciprocating saw, an air chisel, or hydraulic cutter to cut “A” post. – A mechanical high lift jack or hydraulic ram is needed to push the dash forward. – Cribbing is needed to protect the opening made from displacing dash. 74
![25 Displace the Dash (4 of 5) • Sequence for displacing dash. – Open 25 Displace the Dash (4 of 5) • Sequence for displacing dash. – Open](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-75.jpg)
25 Displace the Dash (4 of 5) • Sequence for displacing dash. – Open or remove both front doors. – Place backboard between victim and bottom part of the “A” post. – Cut the bottom of the “A” post perpendicular to where it meets the sill or the floor of vehicle. 75
![25 Displace the Dash (5 of 5) • Place the base of the tool 25 Displace the Dash (5 of 5) • Place the base of the tool](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-76.jpg)
25 Displace the Dash (5 of 5) • Place the base of the tool at the base of the “B” post. • Place the tip of the tool at the bend in the “A” post. • Extend the tool in a controlled fashion to push the dash up and off the victim. • Build a crib to hold the sill in position. • Carefully monitor victim during the dash displacement. 76
![25 Displace the Roof (1 of 4) • Removing the roof has several advantages. 25 Displace the Roof (1 of 4) • Removing the roof has several advantages.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-77.jpg)
25 Displace the Roof (1 of 4) • Removing the roof has several advantages. – Allows equipment to be passed to the emergency medical provider – Increases the amount of space available to perform emergency medical care – Visibility and fresh air supply are improved. – Helps reduce feeling of panic caused by the confined space – Provides a large exit route for the victim 77
![25 Displace the Roof (2 of 4) • One method is to cut the 25 Displace the Roof (2 of 4) • One method is to cut the](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-78.jpg)
25 Displace the Roof (2 of 4) • One method is to cut the “A” posts and fold the roof back toward the rear of the vehicle. – Provides limited space – Takes same time as removing the entire roof • Roof displacement can be accomplished with hand tools and power tools. – Hand tools include hacksaws, air chisels, or manual hydraulic cutters. – Power tools include reciprocating saws and powered hydraulic cutters. 78
![25 Displace the Roof (3 of 4) • Steps for roof displacement – Assure 25 Displace the Roof (3 of 4) • Steps for roof displacement – Assure](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-79.jpg)
25 Displace the Roof (3 of 4) • Steps for roof displacement – Assure safety. – As roof is cut, rescuers have to support roof. – Remove all glass. 79
![25 Displace the Roof (4 of 4) • Cut the posts farthest away from 25 Displace the Roof (4 of 4) • Cut the posts farthest away from](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-80.jpg)
25 Displace the Roof (4 of 4) • Cut the posts farthest away from the victim. • Cut the posts to ensure that the least amount of post will remain after roof removal. • When cutting the wider rear posts, cut them at the narrowest point in the post. • As each post is cut, a rescuer needs to support that post. • Cut the post closest to the victim last. 80
![25 Remove and Transport the Victim (1 of 3) • Victim needs to be 25 Remove and Transport the Victim (1 of 3) • Victim needs to be](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-81.jpg)
25 Remove and Transport the Victim (1 of 3) • Victim needs to be stabilized and packaged in preparation for removal. • Definitive treatment of trauma victims needs to be done at a hospital. • Amount of stabilization on the victim while in the vehicle should be limited to steps needed to prevent further injury. 81
![25 Remove and Transport the Victim (2 of 3) • Develop a plan for 25 Remove and Transport the Victim (2 of 3) • Develop a plan for](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-82.jpg)
25 Remove and Transport the Victim (2 of 3) • Develop a plan for victim removal. • Be sure that a clear exit pathway is available. • Removal needs to be directed by a designated person. • Use clear commands. • Assure adequate number of rescuers. • Make sure that everyone involved understands the commands that will be given. 82
![25 Remove and Transport the Victim (3 of 3) • Try to make removal 25 Remove and Transport the Victim (3 of 3) • Try to make removal](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-83.jpg)
25 Remove and Transport the Victim (3 of 3) • Try to make removal process as seamless as possible. – Locate the ambulance cot close by. • Follow directions of EMS personnel in charge of victim care. • Transport patient to appropriate medical facility for care as soon as initial stabilization is complete. • If your department uses a helicopter service, become familiar with procedures. 83
![25 Secure the Scene and Prepare for the Next Call (1 of 2) • 25 Secure the Scene and Prepare for the Next Call (1 of 2) •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-84.jpg)
25 Secure the Scene and Prepare for the Next Call (1 of 2) • Final step is to secure the scene and prepare for the next call. • Gather all of the equipment used, inspect it, clean it, sharpen it, refuel it, and place it back in the proper location. • Sometimes this can be done at the scene. 84
![25 Secure the Scene and Prepare for the Next Call (2 of 2) • 25 Secure the Scene and Prepare for the Next Call (2 of 2) •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-85.jpg)
25 Secure the Scene and Prepare for the Next Call (2 of 2) • After major incidents, may be necessary to return to the station to clean and restock the apparatus. • Personnel need to prepare for the next call. – Rehabilitation may be necessary. – Personnel may need to shower, change, and eat before another call. • Maintain safe practices. 85
![25 Summary (1 of 4) • Most fire departments are involved in extricating victims 25 Summary (1 of 4) • Most fire departments are involved in extricating victims](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-86.jpg)
25 Summary (1 of 4) • Most fire departments are involved in extricating victims from vehicles. • Extrication should follow logical steps. • It is important to prepare equipment and personnel for extrication emergencies. • Respond safely and efficiently to an extrication incident. 86
![25 Summary (2 of 4) • Size-up needs to evaluate all of the hazards 25 Summary (2 of 4) • Size-up needs to evaluate all of the hazards](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-87.jpg)
25 Summary (2 of 4) • Size-up needs to evaluate all of the hazards that are present. • Stabilizing the hazards is essential to assuring safety for all people at an emergency scene. • Tools used for gaining access and disentanglement work by stabilizing, bending, cutting, or disassembling. 87
![25 Summary (3 of 4) • You gain access to victims by opening doors, 25 Summary (3 of 4) • You gain access to victims by opening doors,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-88.jpg)
25 Summary (3 of 4) • You gain access to victims by opening doors, breaking tempered glass, or forcing doors. • Techniques for disentangling victims include displacing a seat, removing the windshield, removing the steering wheel, displacing the dash, or displacing the roof. 88
![25 Summary (4 of 4) • Victims need to be properly packaged and carefully 25 Summary (4 of 4) • Victims need to be properly packaged and carefully](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/2e6f84ba2128925471cbbaa1a4a15a8f/image-89.jpg)
25 Summary (4 of 4) • Victims need to be properly packaged and carefully removed to prevent further pain and injuries. • Equipment needs to be cleaned and returned to apparatus to be ready for the next call. 89
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