25 th Anniversary of the IBM PC By

25 th Anniversary of the IBM PC By Ray Paternostro Jr. New Orleans Personal Computer Club August 2006

Introduction of the IBM PC • August 12, 1981 Specifications: • Intel 8088, 4. 77 mhz • 16 mb-64 mb • CGA video – 640 x 200 • One or two single-sided 180 kb floppy drives • Five 8 -bit ISA slots • 83 keyboard • PC-DOS 1. 0 by Microsoft

Early 80 s PC Evolution • • IBM PC-XT, March 1983 Double sided 360 k floppy, 10 mb hard disk Eight 8 -bit ISA slots Intel 4. 77 mhz Empty socket for 8087 coprocessor 128 kb memory PC-DOS 2. 0

Early 80 s PC Evolution - clones • Similar specifications to IBM’s models • Created by reverse engineering the BIOS • Open architecture made this possible Right, top- Columbia Systems PC Right, bottom: Compaq Portable

Further Evolution IBM PC/AT - August 1984 • Intel 80286 processer w/ socket for co-processor • 512 kb RAM • 1. 2 mb floppy • 20 mb hard drive which had a high failure rate • Six 16 -bit ISA slots, 2 8 -bit • EGA video, 640 x 350 • 84 AT keyboard w/ LEDs • PC-DOS 3. 0

IBM missteps PCjr- 1984 -1985 • • • Targeted at home users; competition from others was fierce Chiclet keyboard Incompatible with many PC applications PS/2 line • • Microchannel architecture 32 -bit based, technically superior to ISA bus Outrageous licensing requirements Introduced PS/2 connectors for keyboard and mouse

Further Evolution - clones • Compaq Deskpro line • Leading Edge Model D • Dell Sys 325

Into the 90 s • Dell Precision 386 sx • Tandy 1000 HX

Into the 90 s, part 2 • Compaq Deskpro 486 • Gateway 486 SX

Into the 90 s, part 3 • Standard clone PCs • Two Pentium 90 s, a Pentium 75, and a Pentium 150

Architecture of PC/AT • PC-AT motherboard Advertisement for replacement motherboard

Architecture of PC AT • EGA video • Western Digital drive interface • Parallel interface • Combo memory w/serial, parallel ports

Architecture of PC clones • IBM PS/2 motherboard • 486 motherboard, AT form factor, VESA Local Bus slots • Motherboard with ISA and PCI slots

Architecture of PC clones • Video cards- MCA, EGA 8 -bit, VGA 16 bit, VLB 32 -bit VGA • VLB controller

Architecture of PC clones • Configuration of motherboards and peripherals • Jumpers vs. dipswitches

Motherboards today

Modern Video cards • Ge. Force 6200, PCIExpress form factor • ATI Radeon X 700, AGP form factor

Evolution of portables • Very large and heavy • Used full size components, except for the monitor • Columbia Systems portable, Compaq portable, Zenith 386

Evolution of notebooks IBM 5140 AST 386 Compaq 386 NEC’s first notebook, V 30 processor

Evolution of notebooks • IBM Thinkpad 486 • Gateway Handbook 486 • Toshiba 486 • NEC Pentium

Evolution of notebooks • Gateway Solo Pentium • Dell Latitude Pentium II • Gateway Solo Pentium III • IBM Thinkpad Pentium M

PC peripherals - keyboards • • • IBM PC/AT - 84 IBM PC/XT - 83 IBM Model M - 101 Keytronic – 104 Focus – 107

PC peripherals - keyboards • Microsoft Natural ergonomic – 1 st version • PC Concepts SK-6000 with integrated touchpad

PC peripherals - keyboards • Microsoft Desktop Elite wireless • Microsoft Remote for XP MCE

PC peripherals - keyboards • Gateway Anykeyprogrammable with macros and key remapping • Kinesis Advantage Pro

PC peripherals- Microsoft mice • Microsoft “Dove bar” mouse • Microsoft Intellimouse with scroll wheel • Mouse inside • Intellimouse Explorer – 1 st version