25 November 2020 Religion Peace and Conflict Consolidation

25 November 2020 Religion, Peace and Conflict Consolidation Lesson objectives: To revise key concepts, beliefs and scripture regarding peace for Religion, peace and conflict. Do now: Subject links: The concept of PEACE covers half of this unit. Write an acrostic poem or a nmemonic (or both) to help you remember everything it covers. Paper 1: Christian beliefs P E A C E History

Key Vocab: How many definitions can you fill in without looking at your previous work? Forgiveness Peace Justice Reconciliation Pacifism Conscientious objector Peacemaker Quakers Victims of war Christian Aid Caritas Red Cross

Key Vocab: Now mark your work – fill in any answers you didn’t know in a different colour. These are the areas you need further revision! Forgiveness Peace Justice Reconciliation Pacifism/Pacifist Conscientious objector Peacemaker Quakers Victims of war Refugee Christian Aid Red Cross Pardoning someone for what they have done wrong. The absence of conflict. Making sure things are right or fair. Mending a broken relationship – the step after forgiveness. The belief that all violence is wrong/ a person who refuses to use violence. A person who refuses to go to war because they believe it is wrong. (They could support the war effort in another capacity eg as a medic). A person who strives to bring peace to people eg Martin Luther King. A Christian denomination who are all pacifist. Innocent people who are affected by wars A person who has been displaced from their home and/or country, often due to war. Christian charity which supports victims of war. International charity which supports victims of war (affiliated with the Red Crescent and Red Diamond charities).

Forgiveness Supporting forgiveness Against forgiveness Forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us God is the ultimate judge of behaviour. Jesus said we should forgive ‘seventy times seven’ times. Father forgive them, for they know not what they do. (Even Jesus had to ask for help in forgiving. ) How might this apply to peace and conflict? Case study – Gee Walker Case Study: Julie Nicholson Son killed in a racially motivated attack by 2 teenagers he had grown up with. Followed the teaching of forgiving ‘seventy times seven’ times. Believed that not forgiving would hurt her more as she held onto bitterness and anger. Daughter was killed in the 7/7 bombings. Left her job as a Church of England Vicar as she could not forgive those who killed her daughter. As those who killed her daughter were dead and not asking forgiveness she felt she could not forgive.

Delving deeper: Pacifism: The belief that all violence is wrong. A person who refuses to fight is a conscientious objector. Pacifists strongly believe that it is best to work at preventing war from becoming a possibility through promoting human rights and justice. The Quakers believe they are following the true teaching of Jesus by maintaining a completely pacifist stance. Their Peace Testimony makes it clear that they will not use any form of violence and they oppose all wars and fighting with outward weapons. They will work in mediation or non-combat roles during war. Conscientious objectors Case Studies: Muhammad Ali: An American Muslim who refused to fight when drafted into the Vietnam war. Ali was a world famous boxer and risked his livelihood and his freedom to make a stand against going to war. In his refusal to fight, Ali also made reference to the unequal treatment of African American citizens – stating that he was not going to kill Vietnamese people when it was the American government who were oppressing the African American population Desmond Doss: An American Christian who enlisted in the army during WW 2; Doss refused to carry a weapon and became an army medic. He was ridiculed by his platoon and court martialled for his decision. In the end his faith helped him to save over 100 other American soldiers in Japan. Can you truely be a pacifist if you are helping the war effort? Was Muhammad Ali protesting the use of violence or racism? Does it matter?

Peacemaker Case studies. The Quakers Martin Luther King Jr A Christian denomination who believe tat they are following the true teachings of Jesus by maintaining a completely pacifist stance. During wars they will take on peacemaking roles such as mediation OR non-combat roles such as medics, working with victims of war. Used a policy of non-violence and civil disobedience to oppose institutional racism and fight for civil rights for African American citizens. He showed that pacifism does not mean you just have to put up with intimidation, but when used effectively it can be as powerful as violence. How might this apply to peace and conflict? How can pacifism be powerful? Dietrich Bonhoeffer Mairead Corrigan and Betty Williams A German Christian living during the rise of the Nazi party; Bonhoeffer believed in pacifism and spoke out against the human rights abuses of the Nazis. He eventually turned away from his belief in pacifism and joined a plot to assassinate Hitler as he believed it was necessary for the greater good; he was caught, arrested and executed. Do you think he did the right thing? Why? Living as Catholics from Northern Ireland during ‘the Troubles’ in the 1970 s, they formed the ‘Peace people’ organisation. They organised peace marches through the UK to show that they wanted peace rather than violence and killings. They were awarded a Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts. Why do you think their methods were effective?

Victims of War Casualties are an unavoidable part of war. In addition to the harm to soldiers and innocent civilians, there also problems for the families: destruction of property, crops, infrastructure, access to healthcare/education etc. In the UK, specific charities and organisations are there to help injured military personnel and their families (the British Legion, Help for Heroes etc). Internationally, charities such as The Red Cross and Christian Aid as well as organisations such as the UN support victims of war and refugees. Christians support these organisations because of the basic beliefs of Christianity: Love thy neighbour, treat others as you wish to be treated, the Parable of the Good Samaritan.

Scripture check! Quote/teaching What does it mean? How can you apply it? Remember these quotes might be in support or against different concepts! The sanctity of life. Nation will not take up sword against nation, nor will they train for war. . . Do not repay anyone evil for evil. . . if it is possible. . . live at peace with everyone. Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called the children of God. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other also. Just war theory Do these criteria support or disagree with pacifism? Love your neighbour. Do not kill All who draw the sword, die by the sword.

1 mark – answer all questions 1. What is the definition of pacifism? a) Fighting in a war b) Refusal to use violence c) Using WMDs d) Only using violence in self defence 2. Which IS NOT an example of pacifism? a) Working as a medic b) Conscientious objector war d) Nuclear weapons c) Supporting victims of 3. Which word refers to ‘people who have been displaced by violence? a) Refugees b) Civilians c) Military d) Pacifists 4. Which Christian denomination believe that being a pacifist is following the true teachings of Jesus? a) Orthodox b) Roman Catholics c) Protestants d) Quakers

2 marks – answer 3 questions 1. Give TWO religious teachings which support pacifism 2. Give TWO examples of pacifists. 3. Give TWO reasons religious people would work for justice. 4. Give TWO ways religious people might work for peace. 5. Describe TWO reasons why religious people might forgive others.

4 Mark questions Answer ONE of the following questions: 1. Explain two similar religious beliefs about forgiveness. 2. Explain two contrasting beliefs from contemporary British society about pacifism. You must refer to the main religious tradition of Great Britain. Writing frame. Some Christians believe that. . . This is because. . . This means. . . Other Christians believe. . . This is because. . . This means

4 Mark questions – Mark Scheme Mark RE Content QWC 0 Wrong answer or unsupported opinion. Very bad. 1 One belief with simple explanation 2 One belief supported by ONE DEVELOPED explanation Poor (not prose) Errors in SPAG 3 One belief supported by ONE DEVELOPED explanation and One CONTRASTING belief with a simple explanation. Prose. SPAG is fairly accurate 4 Two CONTRASTING beliefs, each supported by a DEVELOPED explanation. Good – paragraphs, punctuation, quotes, key vocab

5 mark questions Answer ONE of the following questions: 1. Explain two similar religious beliefs about helping victims of war. Refer to religious teachings/scripture. (5 marks) 2. Explain two religious beliefs about pacifism. Refer to religious teachings in your answer (5 marks) Writing frame. Some Christians believe that. . . The Bible states. . . This means. . . Other Christians believe. . . The Bible states. . . This means

5 Mark questions – Mark Scheme Mark RE Content QWC 0 Wrong answer or unsupported opinion. Very bad. 1 One belief with simple explanation 2 One belief supported by ONE DEVELOPED explanation Poor (not prose) Errors in SPAG 3 One belief supported by ONE DEVELOPED explanation and a specific religious teaching. OR One belief supported by ONE DEVELOPED explanation and One belief with a simple explanation. Prose. SPAG is fairly accurate 4 Two beliefs, each supported by a DEVELOPED explanation. Good – paragraphs, punctuation, quotes, key vocab 5 Two beliefs, each supported by a DEVELOPED explanation and a specific religious teaching Good – paragraphs, punctuation, quotes, key vocab

12 Mark questions ‘The best way to bring about peace is for more individuals to become pacifists. ’ Evaluate this statement. In your answer you should: refer to Christian teaching give developed arguments to support this statement give developed arguments to support a different point of view reach a justified conclusion. F or Argument – Reasons people would agree with the statement: Some people would agree that. . . This is because. . . Some people also say. . . A gainst Argument - Reasons people would disagree with the statement: Some people may disagree. . . This is because. . . They may also disagree because. . R eligious View – Christians agree. . This is because. . Evidence from the Bible states. . Other Christians disagree. . This is because. . . The evidence for this is. . . M y View - Having consider all the evidence presented above, I believe that. . I agree/disagree with the statement because. . . I think that. . .

12 Mark questions – Mark Scheme Mark RE Content QWC 0 Nothing worthy of credit Writes nothing. Does not relate to the question 1 -3 ONE point of view supported by simple reasons. Poor (not prose) Errors in SPAG. Limited range of specialist terms. 4 -6 ONE point of view supported by developed reasons. Answer shows knowledge and understanding of relevant evidence and information OR DIFFERENT points of view supported by simple reasons, knowledge and understanding Written in prose. Some errors in SPA. Limited range of specialist terms. 7 -9 DIFFERENT points of view supported by developed reasons. Answer shows knowledge and understanding of relevant evidence and information. Reasonable accuracy of SPAG. Good range of specialist terms. Use of grammar shows some control over meaning. 10 -12 WELL ARGUED response. DIFFERENT points of view supported by developed reasons. Answer shows knowledge and understanding of relevant evidence and information. There are logical chains of reasoning leading to judgement(s). Written in prose; clarity of writing and arguments. Consistent accuracy in SPAG. Wide range of specialist terms used appropriately.