23 HUMAN ANATOMY Power Point Lecture Slides prepared

23 HUMAN ANATOMY Power. Point® Lecture Slides prepared by Leslie Hendon, University of Alabama, Birmingham PART 1 The Urinary System fifth edition MARIEB | MALLATT | WILHELM Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Urinary System § Important functions of the kidneys § Maintain the chemical consistency of blood § Filter many liters of fluid from blood § Send toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess water out of the body § Main waste products § Urea § Uric acid § Creatinine Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Organs of the Urinary System § § Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23. 1 a

Location and External Anatomy of Kidneys § § § Located retroperitoneally Lateral to T 12–L 3 vertebrae Average kidney § 12 cm tall, 6 cm wide, 3 cm thick § Hilus § On concave surface § Vessels and nerves enter and exit § Renal capsule surrounds the kidney Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Relationship of the Kidneys to Vertebra and Ribs Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23. 1 b

Position of the Kidneys with in the Posterior Abdominal Wall Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23. 2 a

Internal Gross Anatomy of the Kidneys § Frontal section through the kidney § Renal cortex § Renal pyramids § Renal pelvis § Major calicies § Minor calicies § Gross vasculature § Renal arteries § Branch into segmental arteries Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Summary of Blood Vessels Supplying the Kidney Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23. 3 c

Internal Gross Anatomy of the Kidneys § Nerve supply – renal plexus § A network of autonomic fibers § An offshoot of the celiac plexus Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Internal Anatomy of the Kidneys Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23. 3 b

Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidneys § Uriniferous tubules § Composed of § Nephron § Renal corpuscle plus renal tubules § Collecting duct § Involved in concentrating urine PLAY Nephron Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Mechanisms of Urine Production § Filtrate of blood leaves kidney capillaries § Reabsorption § Most nutrients, water, and essential ions reclaimed § Secretion § Active process of removing undesirable molecules Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Basic Kidney Functions Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23. 4