23 a Index of labor costs construction versus

23 a. Index of labor costs, construction versus all industries, 2001 -2015 (Seasonally adjusted; private industry) 130 124, 6 December 2005 = 100 125 120 Construction 115 All industries 123, 3 110 105 100, 2 100 95 90 85 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Year 2011 2013 2015

23 b. Average hourly wage, construction versus all industries, 2006 -2016 (Private industry; 2016 dollars) Construction $29 All industries $28, 10 Average hourly wage $28 $27 $26, 44 $ 25, 67 $25 $24 $ 24, 12 $23 $22 $21 $20 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

23 c. Average hourly labor costs, by industry, December 2015 (Private industry) Benefit Costs Industry Total Compensation Wages & Salaries Legally Required Paid Leave Suppl. Pay Insurance Retirement & Savings Total $ % of Total Comp. Utilities $58. 88 $35. 28 $5. 07 $2. 19 $5. 96 $6. 18 $4. 20 7. 1% $23. 60 40. 1% Information $53. 09 $34. 64 $4. 87 $2. 32 $5. 18 $2. 54 $3. 53 6. 7% $18. 45 34. 8% Finance $43. 87 $29. 76 $3. 78 $2. 03 $3. 74 $1. 69 $2. 87 6. 5% $14. 11 32. 2% Manufacturing $38. 50 $24. 98 $2. 90 $1. 67 $3. 89 $2. 12 $2. 93 7. 6% $13. 52 35. 1% Transportation* $37. 85 $24. 04 $2. 67 $1. 16 $4. 22 $2. 30 $3. 48 9. 2% $13. 82 36. 5% Construction $37. 00 $25. 85 $1. 57 $0. 96 $2. 82 $1. 91 $3. 88 10. 5% $11. 15 30. 1% Wholesale trade $34. 95 $24. 74 $2. 52 $1. 04 $2. 80 $1. 10 $2. 75 7. 9% $10. 21 29. 2% Retail trade $17. 95 $0. 84 $0. 30 $1. 20 $0. 38 $1. 61 8. 9% $4. 33 24. 1% All industries $31. 70 $22. 14 $2. 18 $1. 06 $2. 54 $1. 25 $2. 53 8. 0% $9. 57 30. 2%

23 d. Average hourly labor costs in construction, by union status, March 2016 (Private industry) Average costs $ 56, 71 Total compensation $ 31, 82 $ 33, 73 Wages & salaries Insurance Retirement & savings Legally required Paid leave Supplemental pay $ 23, 76 $ 7, 21 $ 1, 69 $ 6, 85 $ 0, 60 $ 5, 55 $ 3, 46 $ 2, 03 $ 1, 45 $ 1, 33 $ 0, 87 Union Non-union

23 e. Average hourly labor costs, residential versus nonresidential specialty trades, 2016 (Private industry) Average costs $ 47, 69 Total compensation $ 30, 40 $ 33, 78 Wages & salaries Legally required $ 22, 70 $ 4, 30 $ 3, 74 Insurance $ 3, 31 $ 1, 50 Paid leave $ 2, 85 $ 1, 34 Retirement & savings Supplemental pay $ 2, 14 $ 0, 52 $ 1, 31 $ 0, 60 Nonresidential Residential