221 Introduction to TCPIP Surasak Sanguanpong nguanku ac

22/1 Introduction to TCP/IP Surasak Sanguanpong nguan@ku. ac. th http: //www. cpe. ku. ac. th/~nguan Last updated: May 24, 1999 Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/2 What is TCP/IP n n n Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TCP/IP refers to an entire suite of networking protocols, developed for use on the Internet TCP and IP are certainly two of the most important Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/3 TCP/IP Characteristics n n n TCP/IP provides the services necessary to interconnect computers and to interconnect networks, creating the Internet Independence from underlying network topology, physical network hardware, and OS Unique IP Address Universal connectivity through out the network Standardize high-level protocols Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/4 TCP/IP Internetworking Router Token Ring Private Nets and Internet FDDI Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/5 TCP/IP Networking Software n n TCP/IP protocol suites define a set of universal communication services Services can be implemented in a standardized manner in the networking software, normally bundled with OS TCP/IP Comm. Software Applied Network Research Group Internet TCP/IP Comm. Software Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/6 TCP/IP implementations n n n 4. 2 BSD 1983 - first widely available TCP/IP release 4. 3 BSD 1986 - performance improvements 4. 3 BSD Tahoe 1988 - add slow start, congestion avoidance and fast retransmit 4. 3 BSD Reno 1990 - add TCP header prediction, SLIP compression, new routing table 4. 4 1993 BSD- add multicasting Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/7 TCP/IP and Internet n n n n 1957 USSR sputnik, USA established ARPA 1969 ARPA funded ARPANET 1971 Network with 15 nodes 1974 Cerf/Kahn Protocol 1973 Ethernet (Ph. D Dissertation Bob Metcalfe( 1982/83 TCP/IP as a core protocol 4. 2 1983 BSD Unix with TCP/IP from UCB Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/8 Internet growth Year #Hosts 4 69 1024 84 28174 87 313000 90 617000 91 1. 1 M 92 2. 0 M 93 3. 8 M 94 6. 6 M 95 12. 8 M 96 16 M 1/97 Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/9 Internet n n n Internet - the world-wide group of networks combined with TCP/IP internet - groups of networks tied together (or internetworking( Who control the Internet? l no single administrative organization IETF determines standards l industry also preemptively determines standards l Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/10 Internet Technical Bodies n ISOC - Internet Society. Professional society to promote, support the use of Internet n IAB - Internet Architecture Board. Responsible for technical oversight and coordination n IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force. Development of current protocols and specifications for standardization. Meets 3 times a year, organized in working groups n IRTF - Internet Research Task Force. Research oriented for future. Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/11 Internet Technical Bodies Structure Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/12 Internet Administrations n DDN - the US Defense Data Network is the government organization that has overall responsibility for administrating the Internet l DDN NIC (Network Information Center( l l l IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority l l assigns unique names and addresses collects and distributes information about TCP/IP protocols assigns value for network parameters, name of services, identifiers NOC (Network Operations Center( l manages communication links Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/13 Internet Standard Process Internet Draft RFC draft version for informal review and comment official publication for Internet standard and other publications Proposed Standard entry-level, protocol specifications should be stable technically Draft Standard at least 2 independence and interoperable implementation that test all specification functions Internet Standard have had significant field use and clear community interest in production use. Standard track Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/14 Non-standards track n n specification may not be intended to be an Internet Standard labeled with one of three “off-track” maturity level: l l l n Historic Informational Experimental Informational known as “protocol state” Experimental Proposed standard Draft standard Standard Applied Network Research Group Historic Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/15 Internet documents n RFC l number with RFC XXXX, more than 2500 now l updated RFCs are published with new RFC numbers l not all RFCs describe protocols, not all RFCs are used l n BCP l n n ftp: //ftp. nectec. or. th/pub/mirrors/rfc, ftp: //ds. internic. net/rfc (Best Current Practice( RFC’s subseries designed to be a way to standardization practice STD (STand. Dard( l official Internet standard FYI l (For Your Information( RFCs series that do not contain protocol specifications Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/16 Important RFC n RFC 2300 Internet Official Protocol Standards (STD 0001( n n n RFC 1340 Assigned Numbers (STD 0002( RFC 1122 Requirements for Internet hostscommunication layers (STD 0003( RFC 1123 Requirements for Internet hosts. Application and Support (STD 0003( Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/17 TCP/IP Architectural Layers Network Applications Application End-to-end Services Transport Routing Internet Network Interface Transmission Applied Network Research Group Network Physical Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/18 TCP/IP and OSI TCP/IP Application Presentation Application Session Transport Network Internet Data Link Network Physical Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/19 TCP/IP majors protocols Application Transport FTP TELNET SMTP TFTP NFS NTP SNMP NNTP DNS BOOTP DHCP HTTP X-windows TCP UDP Internet IP Network Driver Software Physical Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/20 Communications Protocols n A Communication protocol that provides a data transfer service can be either connection-oriented or connectionless l l Connection-oriented --A connection is generated before the data is exchanged (e. g. TCP( Connectionless -- Try its best to delivery data, no need to establish connection (e. g. UDP( Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/21 Client-Server Relationships FTP Server TELNET Client FTP Protocol TELNET Protocol FTP Client TELNET Server TELNET Client FTP Protocol FTP Server FTP Client FTP Protocol FTP Server Applied Network Research Group n n n One application component, called Server, provides a well- defined services for application components running, called client Clients make a request for a services by transmitting data to the server Servers reply by sending data back to the client Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University

22/22 How TCP/IP handles protocols Application demux based on destination port number in TCP or UDP header UDP TCP ICMP IGMP demux based on protocol type in IP header IP ARP RARP demux based on frame type in Ethernet header Ethernet incoming frame Applied Network Research Group Department of Computer Engineering, Kasetsart University