2019 novel coronavirus 2019 n Co V COVID19

ﺍﺳﺎﻣی • 2019 novel coronavirus • 2019 -n. Co. V • COVID-19 ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑیﻤﺎﺭی • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 • SARS-Co. V-2 ﻧﺎﻡ ﻭیﺮﻭﺱ

ﺍپیﺪﻣی ﺑﻪ پﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎی ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژی ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ پﺰﺷکی ü Antiviral drugs ü Vaccines, etc ü Medical care, PPE ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻏیﺮپﺰﺷکی ü Personal hygiene ü Travel restriction ü Quarantine ü Social distancing ü Risk Communication ﻋﻤﻮﻣی ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ü Security ü Food & water supply ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋی ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ( ﺗﺤﺮک ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ )ﻭﺍﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ü Power supply ü Transportation ü Telecommunication ü other essential services

The Evidence Pyramid Time Spent in Critical Appraisal Validity/Strength of Inference

• Messonnier pointed to China, where schools and businesses have been shuttered for weeks to contain the outbreak there, saying the U. S. may eventually need to do the same.

• In coming weeks, if the virus begins to spread through U. S. communities, health authorities want to be ready to adopt school and business closures like those undertaken in Asian countries to contain the disease • ﺩﺭ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻫﺎی آﺘی ﺍگﺮ ﻭیﺮﻭﺱ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ گﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺩﺭ آﻤﺮیکﺎ کﻨﺪ ﺑﺎیﺪ آﻤﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷیﻢ کﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ کﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎی آﺴیﺎیی ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﻄیﻠی ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍکﺰ ﺗﺠﺎﺭی ﺑﺎﺷیﻢ

• using cough plate method holding a blood agar plate approximately 10 12 centimeters away from the mouth. • the personnel were asked to produce “ahh” phonation.

There was no significant difference between cotton fabric and two ply disposable masks. Face masks significantly decreased bacterial dispersal initially but became almost ineffective after two hours of use

IF=1. 6

• Roche lobbied directly (in its own name) and through a seemingly independent third party.

• Oseltamivir is now on the list of World Health Organization essential drugs, but we could not clarify on what basis WHO or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend its use

• glass or plastic for up to 9 days, but can be efficiently inactivated by surface disinfection procedures with 62 -71% ethanol, 0. 5% hydrogen peroxide or 0. 1% sodium hypochlorite within 1 minute

We found that the individual school closure strategies that involved all types of schools and those that used a lower threshold to trigger school closures had the best performance. The best scenario resulted in an 80% decrease in the number of cases (i. e. , prevention of about 830, 000 cases), and the cost per case prevented by this 2016 intervention was USD 1, 145; thus, the total cost was USD 1. 28 billion.

School closure reduced and delayed the epidemic peak especially if implemented earlier. 2018

When the school-closure policy is in place…. . We estimate that without the implemented reactive strategies the attack rate of the 2015 to 2016 influenza season would have been 33% larger. 2019

Corona. kmu. ac. ir