2014 54 Which of the following sentences is

专四真题 • 2014 -54 Which of the following sentences is incorrect? • A Physics is an important school subject. • B The Niagara falls is in North America • C The United States borders Canada • D Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.

• 56 The boys in the family are old enough for ___ • A schools B school C the school • D the schools.

• 57 which of the following italicized parts indicates a predicate-object relationship? • A He was reading Mary’s letter in the room • B you can buy men’s shoes in this shop • C Mrs. Black’s passport was lost • D The enemy’s defeat brought the war to an end

• 2013（59）which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT? • A Politics are the art of science of government. • B Ten miles seems like a long walk to me. • C Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. • D All the furniture has arrived undamaged.

• (60)which of the following phrase indicates a subjectpredicate relationship? • A the occupation of the island • B the law of Newton. • C the arrival of the tourists. • D the plays of Oscar Wilde.

• (76) No food or drink is allowed on the premise, the underlined part means___. • A proposition B advertisement C building D street • (78) as soon as he opened the door, a ___of cold air swept through the house. • A flow B movement C rush D blast

• 2012 (65) which of the following sentences is INCORRECT？ • A Poultry are very expensive in the city. • B New machinery were introduced in the factory. • C The Police are investigating the murder case. • D The militia were called out to rescue flood victims.

• (67) Mary and John are busy looking for a hotel for their wedding ___ • A meal B snack C refreshment D banquet. • (72) Most Chinese people went to work by bike within living ___. • A mind B knowledge C memory D scope

• (74) the food is good at this hotel, but the ___is poor, the waiters don’t seem to be well trained. • A maintenance B repair C charge D service • (79) a(n)___shape has four straight sides at 90°to each other, two of which are much longer than the other two. • A square B oval C oblong D circular

• 2011 (65) Which of the following italicized phrases indicates a subjectpredicate relation? • A Mr. Smith’s passport has been issued. • B the visitor’s arrival was reported in the news. • C John’s travel details have not been finalized. • D The new bookstore sells children’s stories.

• 2010 There were 150___at the international conference this summer. • A spectators B viewers C participants D onlookers • Joan is in the dorm, putting the final __to her speech. • A details B remarks C comments D touches • His __in gambling has eventually brought about his ruin. • A indulgence B habit C action D engagement.

无法分割的名词 air coffee oil tea 因组成部分太小而不易数的名词 blood electric paper thunder ity 不可数名词 表示总称的名词 bread glass pork water 抽象名词 butter meat poultry wine 以s 或ics 结尾的名词的数 cholesterol milk soup yogurt 专有名词

表示总称的名词 表示总称的概念（不 表示该总称概念下的具体事物（常可数） clothing food furniture sweater pants dresses vegetables meat spaghetti chairs tables beds cabinets wardrobes fruit luggage makeup homework jewelry money/cash apples oranges bananas cherries grapes bags suitcases lipstick rouge eye shadow compositions exercises reading rings earrings necklaces bracelets nickels dimes quarters dollars

advice experience art beauty crime education 不可数名词 energy fun life patience 无法分割的名词 happiness love pollution health luck time help music trouble 因组成部分太小而不易数的名词 information nature truth intelligence noise unemployment 表示总称的名词 knowledge nutrition work 抽象名词 以s 或ics 结尾的名词的数 专有名词

• Our latest news of our son was a letter a month ago. • Economics is the science of the way in which industry and trade produce and use wealth. • The economics of national growth are of the greatest importance to all modern governments. • Measles is an infectious disease in which the sufferer has a fever and small red spots on the face and body.

无法分割的名词 因组成部分太小而不易数的名词 不可数名词 表示总称的名词 Mr Smith came to see me yesterday. 抽象名词 She speaks very little English. Christianity is a world religion. 以s 或ics 结尾的名词的数 Mrs Clement is a neighbor of us. 专有名词

• • • • 不具数 具数 pleasure a pleasure relief a relief kindness a kindness times trades regrets truths（真实事例） talks 有些以复数形式出现，表示强烈程度，巨大的量或范围： fears sufferings sympathy sympathies （慰问，哀悼） wishes hopes（期望，信心）

• • • A) He has a dislike/dread/hatred/horror/love of cats He has a great wish to go abroad. He had a good knowledge of mathematics B) Please accept my best wishes. Give my best regards to your parents. The two girls told each other confidences about their boyfriends. • C) He refused with much regret/ many regrets. • There is a fear/ are fears that he has been murdered. • I have a suspicion/suspicions that he’s right.

专有名词转化为普通名词，变成了可数名词 • A Mr Johnson called to see you when you were out. • There are several Walters in my class. • We are hoping a better England. • The Joneses are going abroad this summer. • The Wison that we used to know was a very different man.

1 “二合一”的复数名词 • 服装名词 braces flannels jeans pajamas • My trousers beingtrousers cleaned. breeches短 are suspenders trunks • Where裤 are my slacks？ briefs贴身衣 tights 裤 slacks shorts • 具和仪器名称 • The scissorsspectacles are sharp. bellows binoculars scales clippers钳 子 • My glasses are on the table. glasses tongs火钳 scissors tweezers镊子 pliers老虎 钳 pincers钳 子 shears forceps手 钳 pants drawers 内裤

2 以s-结尾的复数型名词 accommodations alms 捐献，救 济物 arms earnings amends 赔偿 annals年报，年 archives 鉴 wits belongings auspices预兆 ashes suds bowels 内脏 clippings brains savings communications clothes clubs remains contents customs fireworks guts内脏 credentials 证书， 文凭 dregs 渣滓 funds oats dues 会费，手续费 eaves 屋檐 goods whiskers filings 挫末 surroundings grassroots

• • • • 有些复数名词有与其相关的可数名词或不可数名词。 The customs officer searched all my cases. damage arms arm damages It’s not theminutes custom tominute tip here. letters letter I’m out of funds till next pay day. lines premise line We’re starting a fund to a swimming pool. securities security She’s lost her looks since she has been so ill. He put on a serious look. He has disgusting table manners. He behaved in a strange manner. You should invest your savings in these bonds. I bought this in the sale and made quite a saving. I drink wine, but not spirits. The place was haunted by the spirit of the ancestor.

• 有些复数型名词没有或几乎没有相关的可 数或不可数名词。 • Riches do not always bring happiness. • Their wages are much too low. • Were the clippings of the hedges usually thrown away? • Small arms are those weapons which a soldier can carry about with him.

4“the+形容词”—表示一类人的复数名词 • The rich are becoming richer. 5 复数专有名词 1. The Alps 阿尔卑斯山 2. The Himalayas are the roof of the world 3. The Great Lakes are a series of five lakes between the USA and Canada. 4. The Niagara Falls are the falls on the Niagara River.

外来词 1】以a结尾的拉丁语，词尾变为-ae或-as（少数词）。例如： antenna/ antennae/ antennas formula/ formulae/ formulas larva/ larvae/ larvas (幼虫） 2】以-ex或-ix结尾的拉丁语名词，在词尾直接加-ex，或把-ex 和-ix变为ices. appendix/ appendixes/ appendices index/ indexes/ indices 3】以-is结尾的希腊语名词，变-is为-es。 analysis/ analyses basis/ bases crisis/ crises diagnosis/ diagnoses thesis/ theses 4】以-on或-um 结尾的名词，变-on或-um为-a，有的可在词尾直接加-s。 bacterium/ bacteria criterion/ criteria/ criterions datum/ data medium/ media/ mediums memorandum/ memoranda/ memorandums phenomenon/ phenomena

• • • 5】变-oo为-ee foot/feet tooth/ teeth goose/geese 6】变-ouse为-ice mouse-mice louse/lice（虱子） 7】以-us结尾的拉丁语，变-us为-i，有时可 在词尾加-es • alumnus/ alumni （男校友） • genius/ genii/ geniuses • stimulus/ stimuli

单，复数模棱两可名词 • 单复数同形，只有复数形式也能做单数用或只有单数形式也能做复数用的具 数名词 craft crossroads means • Such abarracks gallows is nowhere to be seen in the country. species • Such gallows to be seen in the country. whereabouts gallowsare nowhere data headquarters oats offspring dice innings回合 • There is only one steelworks there. kennels links • There are many steelworks there. series works • Is this your offspring? • Are these your offspring? • This species is now extinct. • These species are now extinct. • The barracks was / were stormed by our troops. • Their headquarters was/ were established near the city.

三 、名词所有格 • • • ‘s 属格和of属格用于有生命的名词 1）所有关系 Dr Brown’s son= the son of Dr Brown Socrates’ wisdom=the wisdom of Socrates 2) 主谓关系 Mr. Smith’s arrival= the arrival of Mr. Smith The boy’s survival=the survival of the boy 3) 动宾关系 The children’s education= the education of the children The man’s capture= the capture of the man 4) 主语与补语关系 The boy’s kindness= the kindness of the boy The victim’s courage=the courage of the victim 5) 整体与部分关系 The horse’s tail= the tail of the horse The boy’s arms=the arms of the boys、

6) 类别意义（一般只能用‘s 属格或for-短语作后置修饰语，不能用 of-属格） • Children’s stories= stories for children • a women’s college= a college for women 7) 来源性属格 （也不能用of属格） Alice’s telegram= telegram from Alice • Byron’s poems= poems written by Byron 8) 同位性属格 （只能用of属格） • The city of New York • The art of painting • The charge of murder *当’s 属格和of 属格都可用时，前者突出中心词，后 者突出of 后的名词。 John’s wife the wife of John

• 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 判断下列短语中of所表示的语义关系，并翻译成中文。 the imprisonment of the murder The use of solar energy He called for the removal of the ban Guidelines for the control of dogs in public places The virtue of thrift Companionship of books I would rather have had one breath of her hair, one kiss of her mouth, one touch of her hand than an eternity without it. Gaming has been the ruin of many worthy families, the loss of many a man’s honor and the cause of suicide. This twofold use of knowledge, that is, knowledge can be used equally for good or evil.