2012 Keio SDM Spring Fundamentals of SDM Why

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2012 Keio SDM Spring/ Fundamentals of SDM Why do we think together ? Brainstorming,

2012 Keio SDM Spring/ Fundamentals of SDM Why do we think together ? Brainstorming, KJ method, Causal Loop Diagram May, 2012 Toshiyuki Yasui, Ph. D. (t. yasui@z 2. keio. jp) Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University 1

Sharing From Homework • What kind of problems do you want to solve? Categorize

Sharing From Homework • What kind of problems do you want to solve? Categorize problems to select what problem your team wants to solve. • What kind of solutions do you have? (Homework: Solo brainstorming: Ten ideas each and share ideas in the team) Toshiro Taizo ENERGY SECURITY

Have you ever joined in such a workshop ? Forced to conclude at what

Have you ever joined in such a workshop ? Forced to conclude at what Organizers expected. 3

Have you ever joined in such a workshop ? Talk, talk, and talk. No

Have you ever joined in such a workshop ? Talk, talk, and talk. No way-out. Get tired. 4

Why do we have a workshop ? • We want to be involved in

Why do we have a workshop ? • We want to be involved in something in nature. • We wants by ourselves to feel, sense and discover something. • We want to connect with others, with the nature, and with the society. • A facilitation* is to: – Organize the platform, – Connect the people, – Draw something, – Promote something. (写真出所) 慶應SDM提供 (*support and enhance dialogues in a workshop ) (出所) 中野民夫(2003: 32 -36)   5

What image you share from this ? 6

What image you share from this ? 6

What image you share from this ? 7

What image you share from this ? 7

What image you share from this ? 8

What image you share from this ? 8

Information and Experience Information comes from experience. No analyzed information gets me excited. A

Information and Experience Information comes from experience. No analyzed information gets me excited. A information means for me like a feeling that you and I sense at the same time the touch of the same seat without considering. (出所)深澤直人(2005: 214 -215) 9

See as a ‘stranger’ • What thought and anxiety can you see ? (写真出所)2012年

See as a ‘stranger’ • What thought and anxiety can you see ? (写真出所)2012年 1月23日、筆者撮影 10

See as a ‘stranger’ • What thought and anxiety can you see ? (写真出所)2012年

See as a ‘stranger’ • What thought and anxiety can you see ? (写真出所)2012年 1月23日、筆者撮影 11

Brainstorming: Cliché Rush into the similar idea and end. We have tips for a

Brainstorming: Cliché Rush into the similar idea and end. We have tips for a successful Brainstorming session. 12

True Significance of Brainstorming • A meeting to share the improvised idea. – Osborne’s

True Significance of Brainstorming • A meeting to share the improvised idea. – Osborne’s 4 principles for Brainstorming (Clark (1961)) • 1. Not be a critic, 2. Free and spontaneous, 3. The more the better, 4. Do not ask for improvement by combination • 2 types of brainstorming: – Steam-shovel type, – Spade type • It is NOT a conference for free and simple idea-raising (Clark (1958)) – Participants shall consider deep in one theme and connect idea for it. • Identify the network and connectivity of ideas – Brainstorming is in essence the spade type session. – Categorizing and organizing ideas after the session is important. – Significance on making ideas visionary and sharing them. 13

Stanford d School: Eight Principles of Successful Brainstorming • • 1. 2. 3. 4.

Stanford d School: Eight Principles of Successful Brainstorming • • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Defer Judgment. Go for volume. One conversation at a time. Be visual. Headline your idea. Build on the ideas of others. Stay on topic.   Encourage wild ideas. (Source) Stanford d School(2009). 14

Existence of Collective Intelligence Proved Scientifically • Article in Science October 29, 2010 Issue

Existence of Collective Intelligence Proved Scientifically • Article in Science October 29, 2010 Issue (Williams Woolley et al. (2010)) – 699 participants formed groups of 2 to 5 members • Works of puzzles, brainstorming and group decisions • Measured participants’ intelligent performances after works by results of computer-based checker games • Performance improved by collective intelligence: intelligence statistically significant – ‘C Factor’: Factor’ intelligent capabilities drawn by co-works • No correlation with individual intelligences • Positive correlation with social sensitivity – ‘reading in your eyes’ capability • Positive correlation with the number of female members in the group – A female is considered to have a high social sensitivity • Negative correlation with the tables where a few monopolize the talks 15

Pass Around the Talks, Do Not Monopolize Them, Never Anyone Be Silent. Talking Stick:

Pass Around the Talks, Do Not Monopolize Them, Never Anyone Be Silent. Talking Stick: Collective intelligence is a wisdom of ancestors. Wisdoms of Native Americans (写真出所) Wikipedia Website http: //de. wikipedia. org/wiki/Redestab 16

Essence of Brainstorming Laugh Inspiration • Sometimes you cannot go well with certain topics

Essence of Brainstorming Laugh Inspiration • Sometimes you cannot go well with certain topics and members. • If so, – Change the topic or members. – Or otherwise try another method for idea creation 17

Let’s have a brainstorming session. Brainstorming topics: Energy and Security (which you selected in

Let’s have a brainstorming session. Brainstorming topics: Energy and Security (which you selected in the previous lecture) Please make two groups. Note all popped ideas on the post-it and paste them on the white board. (写真出所)保井俊之(forthcoming) 18

KJ Method: Grouping the Ideas Unconsciously • Group Idea Creation Method for Collecting Requirements

KJ Method: Grouping the Ideas Unconsciously • Group Idea Creation Method for Collecting Requirements (Project Management Institute (2008) • Late Prof. Jiro Kawakita, a famous anthropologist invented this method (川 喜田二郎(1986)) • Fit to a co-work, used for creative problemsolving • Unconsciously compare and put a post-it to near or to far. Ends of Regional Development  Means of Regional Development Problems of Regional Development E. g. , KJ Method used in the Regional Development Project (津々木晶子ら(2011)) 19

KJ Method: Let’s group ideas Please group ideas popped from the brainstorming Session. Do

KJ Method: Let’s group ideas Please group ideas popped from the brainstorming Session. Do not artificially organize them. Unconsciously put them like ‘this is close’ and ‘this is far’. (写真出所) ふくしま未来ミーティング(2011年 12月11日; 福島大学)ワークショップにて、筆者撮影 20

Recognize the links • System Dynamics (SD), Business Dynamics • (Legasto, Forrester, Lynais (1980),

Recognize the links • System Dynamics (SD), Business Dynamics • (Legasto, Forrester, Lynais (1980), Sterman (2000) ) – Identify the links between elements of a system – Analyze quantitatively or qualitatively influences by those links – Applied to a social system analysis recently (Senge (1990)) • Causal Loop Diagram/ Causal Relations Diagram • Causal Relations Diagram: CRD – Loop • A circulation in elements reinforce or balance the effects in a system – Leverage Point • A key to solve a problem 21

CRD: Example Work until midnight Fixing errors Midnight Oil Loop Get customers angered Leverage

CRD: Example Work until midnight Fixing errors Midnight Oil Loop Get customers angered Leverage Point Productivity down Errors increased 22

Lets make a CRD. • Get groups identified by the KJ method connected by

Lets make a CRD. • Get groups identified by the KJ method connected by arrows. • Find loops. • Name the loops. • Leverage Point: identify points where you can stop the loops by holding that point. (写真出所) ふくしま未来ミーティング(2011年 12月11日; 福島大学)ワークショップにて、筆者撮影 23

Story-telling • Storytelling – Telling a story. – Sharing a concept through the concrete

Story-telling • Storytelling – Telling a story. – Sharing a concept through the concrete story with members of the group for achieving the goals. – Systematic methodology – Applied to the sociology, business sciences, political sciences, and other disciplines. – Key to political leadership(Polletta (2006)) leadership • Using narratives change the society – ‘Who tells what and when’ significantly influences the society. 24

Corporate Strategy as Story The corporate strategy as story emphasizes not the difference but

Corporate Strategy as Story The corporate strategy as story emphasizes not the difference but the inter-connectedness, inter-connectedness which are both essences of the strategy. Not only the top construct the story, but also the story is shared as the whole by the people of the organization. This provides great meaning. (出所)楠木建(2010: 20, 64) 25

Storytelling as Nurturing Creativity • Persuasion and • 9 Principles of Storytelling Knowledge (ibid.

Storytelling as Nurturing Creativity • Persuasion and • 9 Principles of Storytelling Knowledge (ibid. ) Management from the – Be truth. Storytelling – Be minimum. – E. g. , Organizational – Be happy-ending. Reforms on IBM, – Give up controlling. Xerox, World Bank – May have a cut block. • Good Story (Brown et al. (2005)) – Believe in yourself. – Sustainability – Synthesize a story and analysis. – Building up – Tell just enough. – Sense-making – Everyone be storyteller. – Feeling Comfortable 26

Storytelling Formula By Syd Field • Syd Field – A play writer learned from

Storytelling Formula By Syd Field • Syd Field – A play writer learned from Jean Lenoir, Sam Peckinpah – Joined in the ‘God Father’ and ‘American Graffiti’ • A play is a story told by the scenes. Syd Field (写真出所: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Syd_Field) Syd Field (2009): Story telling paradigm of the screen plays (出所: Adapted from Syd Field(2009)) heir t e d m the ters an a s ing harac litie Start t a a n e c ・Cr ating erso p g e r n Act 1 ・C ns etti s d o i n t a c a Situation Settings ries o t Opening S ・ t den K nci ey I nt cide In g In citin Plot Point 1 End Act 3 Solutions Middle Act 2 Conflicts Ending Plot Point 2 27

Blake Snyder: Success on Story Patterns Blake Snyder (写真出所: http: //www. nwsg. org/pastevents. html)

Blake Snyder: Success on Story Patterns Blake Snyder (写真出所: http: //www. nwsg. org/pastevents. html) • Blake Snyder: famous writer for Disney movies and Spielberg’s films 10 successful patterns of Film stories (Snyder (2005: 21 -42)) Name of Patterns Examples Monster in the House ‘Jaws’, ‘Exorcist’ Golden Fleece ‘Star Wars’, ‘Back to The Future’ Out of the Bottle ‘Liar, Liar’, ‘Bruce Almighty’ Dude with a Problem ‘Die Hard’, ‘Titanic’ Rites of passage ‘Ordinary People’, ‘Days of Wine and Roses’ Buddy Love ‘Dumb & Dumber’, ‘Rain Man’ Whydunit ‘Chinatown’, ’ JFK’ The Fool Triumphant ‘Forrest Gump’, ‘Amadeus’ Institutionalized ‘M*A*S*H’, ‘The God Father’ Superhero ‘Superman’, ‘A Beautiful Mind’ 28

Yasuhiko Tanaka: Map a Movie • Yasuhiko Tanaka – Learned film making in the

Yasuhiko Tanaka: Map a Movie • Yasuhiko Tanaka – Learned film making in the California State University – California Media Festival 1 st Prize – Organized the ‘Hollywood Scenario School’ in many Asian countries. • ‘becoming a good play writer is nothing but becoming a good storyteller. ’(田中靖彦(2009)) Mapping a movie (田中靖彦(2009: 29, 145)を筆者一部修正 ) [Movie Title] ACT 1 (set up) Plot Point 1 [Plot Point 1] [Mid Point] [Plot Point 2] ACT 2 (conflict) Mid Point Analysis on the Map ACT 3 (solution) Plot Point 2 [LOGLINE] [External Goal] [Internal Goal] Overlap my map And the example Amending the Skelton of Story 29

Storytelling : Journey to the Commons • (…) even the greatest forces of intimate

Storytelling : Journey to the Commons • (…) even the greatest forces of intimate life— life the passions of the heart, the thoughts of the mind, the delights of the senses—lead senses an uncertain, shadowy kind of existence unless and until they are transformed, deprivatized and deindividualized, deindividualized as it were, into a shape to fit them for public appearance The most current of such transformations occurs in storytelling (…). (Source) Arendt (1958: 50) Hannah Arendt: Modern Philosopher (写真出所)http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Hannah_Arendt. jpg 30

From CRD to Story: #1 Wish to be there Wonderful Work-life Balance Wonderful Work-Life

From CRD to Story: #1 Wish to be there Wonderful Work-life Balance Wonderful Work-Life Links Loop Making Links Leverage Point ‘The Best of the Bests’ Town Dreams for balancing Cultures and Sports (出所) ふくしま未来ミーティング(2011年 12月11日; 福島大学)ワークショップより筆者作成 31

From CRD to Story: #2 Wish to be there Wonderful Work-life Balance Wonderful Work-Life

From CRD to Story: #2 Wish to be there Wonderful Work-life Balance Wonderful Work-Life Links Loop Making Links Leverage Point ‘The Best of the Bests’ Town Dreams for balancing Cultures and Sports (出所) ふくしま未来ミーティング(2011年 12月11日; 福島大学)ワークショップより筆者作成 32

From CRD to Story: #3 Elements inside: ‘The Best of the Wish to be

From CRD to Story: #3 Elements inside: ‘The Best of the Wish to be  ・Nursery in the Bests’ Town there woods  ・Playground Wonderful  ・Links like a tree Work-life  ・Work and Life Balance Dreams for  ・How to support Wonderful Work-Life Links Loop Making Links Leverage Point balancing Cultures and Sports (出所) ふくしま未来ミーティング(2011年 12月11日; 福島大学)ワークショップより筆者作成 33

From CRD to Story: #4 Elements inside:  ・Nursery in the woods  ・Playground  ・Links like

From CRD to Story: #4 Elements inside:  ・Nursery in the woods  ・Playground  ・Links like a tree  ・Work and Life  ・How to support Making Links • Make a story: – The nursery deep in the woods. – Kids playing on the wooden swings. – Parents come to pick them up after works. – Parents and kids in the sunset with a swing. – Days in Fukushima with work-life balance. 34

From CRD to Story: #5 Like this Image ? • Story – In the

From CRD to Story: #5 Like this Image ? • Story – In the nursery deep in the woods, kids are playing on the wooden swings. – A father comes to pick his son after his work on the sunset. – They enjoy days in Fukushima with better work-life balance. (出所) ふくしま未来ミーティング(2011年 12月11日; 福島大学)ワークショップより筆者作成 35

Let’s make a story. • Please make a story from your CRD, following examples.

Let’s make a story. • Please make a story from your CRD, following examples. 36

Conclusions • Workshop: Workshop get involved, connect one by one-self. • Brainstorming: Brainstorming making

Conclusions • Workshop: Workshop get involved, connect one by one-self. • Brainstorming: Brainstorming making ideas visionary and sharing – Collective intelligence exists. – A good brainstorming session has laughs and inspirations. • KJ Method: Method Unconscious grouping of popped ideas. • Causal Loop Diagram: Diagram Recognizing links of elements. A leverage point matters. • Storytelling: Storytelling sharing the concept. Focus upon the connectedness. – A good story have a fixed pattern. 37

Homework • Please go out to talk with the people on the streets. •

Homework • Please go out to talk with the people on the streets. • Please interview with 10 persons to ask for the validation on your solutions today. Please use fully what you learned today. 38

Thank you for your listening ! 40

Thank you for your listening ! 40