2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1

2 S E C T I O N THE ENVIRONMENT THAT INFLUENCES NURSING CARE © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 2

7 C H A P T E R POLICY: ASSESSMENT, DEVELOPMENT, ANALYSIS, AND EVALUATION © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Policy Overview § Entity vs. Process (Figure 7 -1) § Nurses both evaluate policy and participate in the process. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 4

Policy Process § Assessment § Development § Analysis § Evaluation § See Figure 7 -3 and Table 7 -1 © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 5

Policy Process (cont. ) Diagram of the Four Steps in the Policy Process © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 6

Types of Policy § Public § Private § See Figure 7 -4 © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 7

Types of Policy (cont. ) Policy may be categorized as public or private. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 8

Policy Assessment § Problem, issue, or need is defined § Stakeholders identified § Objectives and outcomes are described © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 9

Ethical and Legal Issues § Directly addressed by policies § Develop when policies are not followed © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 10

Advanced Practice Nursing Issues § Scope of practice § Educational preparation © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 11

Policy Development § Data collected analyzed § Research reviewed § Stakeholders consulted § Plan of action selected © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12

Nursing Contributions to Policy § Expert knowledge § An understanding of patient experiences § Ability to work and communicate with people © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 13

Barriers to Nurse Involvement § May be viewed as less intellectual § Political involvement not valued by nurses § May not identify themselves as nurses when working on issues © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 14

Evidence Based Policy Process § Change based on valid and reliable data § Sources of data: science, providers, consumers © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 15

Policy Analysis § Description of the policy/policy area § Assessment of the impact § Investigation of the consequences § Evaluation of the policy’s impact § Recommendation of a course of action © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 16

Models for Policy Analysis § Steps/Stages Model (Figure 7 -7) § Multiple Streams Framework (Figure 7 -8) § Advocacy-Coalition Framework (Figure 7 -9) § Policy Analysis Model (Figure 7 -10) © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 17

Models for Policy Analysis (cont. ) The modified steps/stages model of policy analysis © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 18

Models for Policy Analysis (cont. ) The first phase of the policy analysis model involves a comprehensive assessment of the problem and all related issues. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 19

Policy Evaluation § How well a policy met the goals and objectives § Should consider ethics, research, and role of caring © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 20

Nurse Involvement in Policy § Policy process is similar to nursing process § Many opportunities to participate (Figure 7 -11) © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 21

Nurse Involvement in Policy (cont. ) Nurses can become involved in the policy process in different ways. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 22