2 if had ved would Might could shouldhave

• 2. 与过去事实相反时, 其表现形式为: if 主语+had v-ed, 主语+would(或 • Might, could, should)+have v-ed. • Eg: We would have visited you if we had time. • I wouldn’t have known that thing if I hadn’t been told.

• 3. 与将来事实相反时, 其表现形式为 : if主语+should(或were to)+v. , 主语 +Would(或might, could, should)+v. • Eg: If you should drop the glass, it would break. • If you should leave there for a while, you’d change your mind about that place.

4. 错综时间句的虚拟语气 当条件从句与结果主句所表示的时间不一 致时, 虚拟语气的形式应当做相应的调整. 如: (1) If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. (2) You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. (3) If father hadn’t sent me, I shouldn’t be here.

5. if的省略 (1)在正式文体中，当if条件句中含有助动词 had, should 或 were 时，可以省略 if, 而将 had, should或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟 句。 Eg: Had such disaster occurred, the damage would have been incalculable. Were he to tell us everything, we would try to solve this problem. (2)如果if条件句是含not的否定句，省略if时, not 不能与助动词had , should或were同时提前。 Eg : Had it not been for their assistance, we couldn’t have finished the task ahead of time.

• 4. 虚拟语气在“It’s+about/high time+从句” 中的应用 • 在It’s about/high time+从句的结构中, 从句用 一般过去时的虚拟语气. • Eg : “You are very selfish. It’s high time that you realized that you are not the most important person in the world. ”Edger said to his boss angrily. • It is about time that we went to school.

• 6. supposing, suppose, even if也可引导虚拟条件句。 • Eg : Supposing it were fine tomorrow, would you go swimming with us? • 有时suppose或supposing单独引起一个句子，用 于提出建议或假设。 • Eg : Suppose we started tomorrow.

7. 虚拟语气在in case, lest或for fear that等从句中的用法 in case, lest或for fear that引起的从句常用 虚拟语气, 表示“以防, 以免”, 形式为should+ 动词原形. Eg : He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain. The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it should go wrong on the way.

• • • 8. 4种要用should的动词 1. 表示建议： 2. 表示主张： 3. 表示要求： 4. 表示命令： Eg : The lawyer asked that the case should be postponed for one month. • The detective insisted that he should have a look.

• 10. 虚拟语气在形容词短语的that宾语从句中 的应用 • 主语+be+adj. +that+主语+should+动词原形 • 主语+be+adj. +that+主语+should have+过去 分词 • Eg : I am happy that he should agree. • I am ashamed that you should have done such a thing.

11. 含蓄条件的虚拟语气 假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句来表示， 而是隐含在上下文中。 表示暗含条件的方式有： 1. 介词或介词短语，如：without, but for, but that等。 Eg: But for your cooperation, we could not have succeeded in our experiment. 2. 连词，如：but, or else 等。 Eg: I would be most glad to help you, but I’m busy now.

• 3. 副词, 如：otherwise等。 • Eg: We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. • 4. 比较等级。 • Eg: (1)A more careful person wouldn’t have made so many mistakes. • (2)Given more time, I would have been able to finish the experiment. • 5. 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难 找出其暗含的条件。 • Eg: You wouldn’t know. • I would like to come. • I would not have dreamed of it.

Exercises for you 1. “How should the city be run? ”“If I ( B ) a mayor, I would make the streets cleaner and hire more policemen. ” A. would B. were C. would be D. should 2. Things might have been much worse if the mother ( B ) on her right to keep the baby. A. has been insisting B. had insisted C. would insist D. insisted 3. A safety analysis ( C ) the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done. A. would identify B. will identify C. would have identified D. will have identified 4. Jack wishes that he ( D ) business instead of history when he was in university. A. studied B. study C. had been studying D. had studied 5. Wouldn’t you rather your child ( B ) to bed early? A. go B. went C. would go D. goes 6. That train looked as if it ( A ) for a long time. A. hadn’t been watered B. hasn’t watered C. didn’t water D. wasn’t watered

7. We are for your proposal that the discussion ( A ). A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to put off 8. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ( ) himself. A. injure B. had injured C. injured D. would injure 9. It’s time ( C ) about the traffic problem downtown. A. anything will be done B. everything is done C. something was done D. nothing to be done 10. Look at the terrible situation I’m in!If only I ( B ) your advice. A. follow B. had followed C. would followed D. have followed 11. The business of each day, ( B ) selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. A. it being B. be it C. was it D. it was 12. Rebecca ( D ) me earlier if she did not like her house she bought last month. A. told B. would tell C. had told D. would have told

Translation: 1. 如果我是你，我会更加努力地学习。 If I were you, I would study harder. 2. 我昨天要是去看医生就好了。这样， 我现在应该感觉好多了。 I wish I had gone to see the doctor yesterday. If so, I should feel better now. 3. （如果） 没有因特网，生活将会很枯 燥。 Without Internet/ If there were no Internet, life would be very boring.

4. 我明天如果有时间，我能帮你学英语 的, 但是我得参加一个重要会议。 I could help you with your English if I had time, but I will have to attend an important meeting. 5. 如果我上周见着了史密斯先生，我 就会已经告诉他这件事了。 If I had met Professor Smith last week, I would have told him about it.

• 1. If I had enough time, I___ my work. A. would finish B. must have finished • C. would have finished D. had finished • 2. Ten minutes earlier, they ___ the plane. A. will catch B. would catch • C. would have caught D. will have caught • 3. Mr Green requires that the students ___ a composition every other week. A. write B. writen • C. would write D. will write • 4. Had he studied hard, he___ the exam. A. would pass B. could pass • C. had passed D. would have passed • 5. I wish I ___ what is happening there in his room. A. know B. known C. knew D. should know

• 6. It is important that you ___ sports every day. A. have B. would have C. must have D. will have • 8. ___ what was going to happen , I would never have left her alone. A. Had I known B. If I know C. If I knew D. If had I known • 9. He ordered that the work ___ right away. A. should finish B. finished C. would be finished D. be finished • 10. —Shall we go to the movie tonight? —No, I'd rather ___ at home with our baby. You'd better not leave him to the babysitter at night. A. you stayed B. you stay C. stayed D. stay

Exercises • 11. ___ in your position, I would help him. A. Was I B. Were I C. If I am D. If I had been • 12. I ___, but I was stopped by the heavy rain. A. mean to come B. meant to come • C. had meant to come D. meant coming • 13. Mrs Black insists___ in that old hotel. A. not to stay B. not staying • C. staying not D. that she not stay • 14. If you had spoken clearly, you would___. A. understand it B. have understood • C. be understood D. have been understood