2 GIS COMPONENTS 010806 Dr Suriatini Ismail PHT

2 GIS COMPONENTS 01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail PHT FKSG 1

Basic COMPONENTS n Hardware Software Data n Institution n n 01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail PHT FKSG 2

GIS COMPONENTS (I) n hardware – computers to run software – computer program to process data n custom-written software n generic programs are more popular data – processed for information retrieval – most costly compared with hardware and software – longer life span n 01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail PHT FKSG 3

n Institution – individual and/or organisation that use or implements GIS – critical component as it decides the success of implementation – need for GIS professional to analyze, research, design complex GIS applications – difficult to change humans to adapt with new technology – easily overlooked 01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail PHT FKSG 4

GIS SUB-SYSTEMS / FUNCTIONS(I) 1. data acquisition/input – define, entry and preliminary processing data – Involves digitizer, scanner, survey equipment, etc. 2. data management – control existence, update, recall and deletion of data – database management system 01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail PHT FKSG 5

GIS SUB-SYSTEMS / FUNCTIONS (II) 3. analysis of data – generation of information from data archives – spatial analysis software – value of GIS depends on the analytic functions it provides 4. information output – generated information conveyed to the users – information managed by computers can be plotted, printed or exported into other systems. 01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail PHT FKSG 6

Other views on GIS Components and functions n Four major components of GIS (Martin, 1991): – – n collection, input and correction storage and retrieval manipulation and analysis output and reporting These components dictate the functions that a GIS can carry out. 01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail PHT FKSG 7

…GIS Components and functions n GIS capabilities can also be highlighted according to functions (Martin, 1991; Anselin, 1998). 01/08/06 Dr Suriatini Ismail PHT FKSG 8