2 Evolutionary Theory Charles Darwin 1809 1882 The

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2 演化論 (Evolutionary Theory) • 達爾文 (Charles Darwin, 1809 -1882) • 物種原始 (The Origin

2 演化論 (Evolutionary Theory) • 達爾文 (Charles Darwin, 1809 -1882) • 物種原始 (The Origin of Species) • 演化論 (evolutionary theory) • 天擇 (Natural selection)

3 基因與染色體 • 去氧核醣核酸 (deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA) • 基因 (gene) • 染色體 (chromosome) •

3 基因與染色體 • 去氧核醣核酸 (deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA) • 基因 (gene) • 染色體 (chromosome) • 基因型 (genotype) • 表現型 (phenotype) • 顯性性狀 (dominate trait) • 隱性性狀 (recessive trait) • 同卵雙胞胎研究 (twin study) 遺傳? 環境? (nature vs. nurture? ) [Toxic Stress: Jack P. Shonkoff, MD]

4 後成作用 (epigenesis)

4 後成作用 (epigenesis)

6 鏡像神經元 (Mirror neurons) Specialized neurons that fire not only when a person enacts

6 鏡像神經元 (Mirror neurons) Specialized neurons that fire not only when a person enacts a particular behavior, but also when a person simply observe another individual carrying out the same behavior (Feldman, 2017).

8 賀爾蒙 (Hormone) Chemicals that circulate through the blood and regulate the functioning or

8 賀爾蒙 (Hormone) Chemicals that circulate through the blood and regulate the functioning or growth of the body (Feldman, 2017). • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=-SPRPk. Lo. Kp 8

9 神經系統 (nervous system) 中樞神經系統 (central nervous system) 腦 (Brain) 脊髓 (spinal cord) 周邊神經系統

9 神經系統 (nervous system) 中樞神經系統 (central nervous system) 腦 (Brain) 脊髓 (spinal cord) 周邊神經系統 (peripheral nervous system) 軀體神經系統 (somatic nervous system) 自律神經系統 (automatic nervous system) 交感神經系統 (sympathetic nervous system) 副交感神經系統 (parasympathetic nervous system)

11 腦部構造 • 邊緣系統 (limbic system): • 杏仁核 (amygdala) • 海馬迴 (hippocampus) • 胼胝體

11 腦部構造 • 邊緣系統 (limbic system): • 杏仁核 (amygdala) • 海馬迴 (hippocampus) • 胼胝體 (corpus callosum) • Plasticity? • Gender differences? https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=w. Wn. U czsf. Gv 0