2 3 Notes Minerals Are Valuable Resources Minerals

2. 3 Notes Minerals Are Valuable Resources

Minerals Have Many Uses in Industry Mineral deposits are sources of…

Minerals Have Many Uses in Industry Metals for cars and airplanes

Minerals Have Many Uses in Industry Quartz and feldspar for glass

Minerals Have Many Uses in Industry Fluorite and calcite for toothpaste

Minerals Have Many Uses in Industry Mica and talc for paint

Minerals Have Many Uses in the Arts Particularly beautiful minerals, like birthstones, are known as gemstones.

Minerals Have Many Uses in the Arts When gemstones are found, they are usually rough and irregularly shaped.

Minerals Have Many Uses in the Arts The material used to shape and polish a gemstone must be at least as hard as the gemstone itself.

Minerals Have Many Uses in the Arts Metals like gold and silver are also used to make jewelry.

Minerals Form in Several Ways The type of mineral that forms in an area depends on what elements are present there. Temperature and pressure also affect which minerals form.

Minerals Form in Several Ways Some common ways that minerals form…

Minerals Form in Several Ways Water The Evaporates minerals that were dissolved in the water are left behind.

Minerals Form in Several Ways Hot water cools Very hot water can dissolve minerals. When the water cools, the minerals reform as solids.

Minerals Form in Several Ways Molten Many rock cools minerals grow from magma-molten rock inside Earth. Many minerals also form from lava-magma that has reached Earth’s surfacecools

Minerals Form in Several Ways Heat and Pressure Cause Changes Carbon can become graphite or diamond under different conditions

Minerals Form in Several Ways Organisms Few produce minerals are produced by living things Example: calcite in seashells! Example: apatite in your teeth!

Many Minerals Are Mined Before minerals can be used, they must be removed from the ground. Rocks that contain minerals we can mine for $ are called ores.

Surface Mining Minerals near Earth’s surface are mined with surface mining. Panning is when minerals are separated from riverbeds with sifting.

Surface Mining Strip mining is when miners strip away plants, soil, and unwanted rocks before digging out the desired ores.

Surface Mining Open-pit mining involves removing the surface layer of soil and then using explosives to break up the underlying rock.

Deep Mining Deep mining is needed when an ore is deep underground. Miners will cut a passage to reach the mineral. These passages can be cut horizontally or vertically into the Earth.

Deep Mining From the passage, miners blast, drill, cut, or dig the ore. The world’s deepest gold mine is 3 km deep!

Review 1. What types of minerals form in an area depends in part on A. Which elements are present B. The types of rock present C. The density of rocks present D. Whether crystals can form