2 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory

2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Essential questions n What are the structures of blood? n What are the structures of the circulatory system? 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 2

Structures of the circulatory system q Blood q Heart q Arteries q Veins q Capillaries 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 3

Blood n n n Hemat- = blood -ology = the study of The average adult has 8 – 10 pints. 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 4

Blood One drop of blood contains: q q q 5 million RBCs 250, 000 -500, 000 platelets 7, 500 WBCs Red blood cells live 120 days. Make new blood cells 2 million per second! 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 5

Structures of the blood n n Plasma Erythrocytes-RBC Leukocytes-WBC Thrombocytes-Platelet 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 6

Plasma n Straw-colored liquid n 55% of the blood’s volume q Water q Plasma proteins q Nutrients q Electrolytes q Hormones, vitamins, and enzymes q Waste products Plasma 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Cellular elements 7

Plasma proteins n n n Fibrinogen Albumin Globulin q Gamma globulin q Prothrombin Plasma Cellular elements 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 8

Erythrocytes n n n Biconcave disk Hemoglobin Transportation q q Oxygen Carbon dioxide 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 9

Leukocytes n n Larger than erythrocytes Five types Leuk/o/cytes – white cells 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 10

Leukocytes n Agranulocytes q q Lymphocytes Monocytes 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 11

Leukocytes n Granulocytes q q q Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 12

Thrombocytes q q Smallest of solid components of blood Synthesized in red marrow Not cells, composed of fragments of megakaryocytes Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 13

2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 14

Blood types n Inherited from parents q Determined by presence or absence of an antigen on the surface of the red blood cell 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 15

n In 1901, the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood may be grouped into four main types. n Based on the reaction that resulted when blood from different individuals were mixed. 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 16

Blood types q q Someone with type A antigen has B antibodies Someone with type B antigen has A antibodies Someone with type AB antigen has no antibodies Someone with type O antigen has A and B antibodies 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 17

Rh factor n Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited trait that refers to a specific protein found on the surface of red blood cells (antigen). n Blood used in transfusions must match donors for Rh status as well as for ABO blood type. n Although Rh factor doesn't affect the patient’s health, it can affect pregnancy. 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 18

Rh factor n In 1940, the Rh factor was discovered as a result of studying Rhesus monkeys. n When blood from monkeys was injected into rabbits and guinea pigs, it clotted. 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 19

Rh factor n If the blood has the protein, the patient is Rh positive. n If the blood lacks the protein, the patient is Rh negative. 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 20

Structures of the circulatory system q Heart 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 21

Heart The heart is a double pump. 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 22

Heart Aorta Superior vena cava Pulmonary artery Aortic semilunar valve Pulmonary vein Right atrium Left atrium Tricuspid valve Bicuspid (mitral) valve Inferior vena cava Pulmonary semilunar valve Right ventricle Left ventricle Septum Apex 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 23

Layers of the heart Left atrium Right atrium Pericardium Myocardium Endocardium Right ventricle Left ventricle 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 24

Conduction system of heart beats Refer to your textbook to identify the structures of the heart’s conduction system in the correct sequence for the heart to beat. 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 25

Structures of the circulatory system n ARTERIES 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 26

Vessels of the circulatory system n ARTERIES q Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries Elastic, muscular and thick-walled Transport blood under very high pressure q Arteries > arterioles > capillaries q q 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 27

Vessels of the circulatory system Arterial blood Oxygen rich Bright red, spurts 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 28

Structures of the circulatory system n VEINS 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 29

Vessels of the circulatory system n VEINS q q q Carry deoxygenated blood away from capillaries to the heart Veins contain a muscular layer, but less elastic and muscular than arteries Thin walled veins collapse easily when not filled with blood Veins have valves that permit flow of blood only in direction of the heart Veins > Venules > Capillaries 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 30

Vessels of the circulatory system Venous blood Oxygen poor Dark crimson, oozes 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 31

Vessels of the circulatory system 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 32

Structures of the circulatory system q Capillaries n The smallest blood vessels n Connect arterioles to venules 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 33

Structures of the circulatory system Trace the flow of blood through the body 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 34

Flow of blood through the body Right side Left Side Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right Ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Left atrium Bicuspid valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta Body Lungs CO 2 and O 2 exchange 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 35

Pulse sites n Alternating expansion and contraction of an artery as blood flows through it. 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 36

Common pulse sites 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 37