1952 Rosalind Franklin XRay Diffraction 1952 DNA replication

1952

Rosalind Franklin X-Ray Diffraction 1952

DNA replication in prokaryotes

Additional Markers Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) • Chromosomes 11 of suspect 1: ---TCAT--- • Same pair in suspect 2: • Different people have different numbers of repeats on their chromosomes 13

Positions of other STR regions TPOX CSF 1 PO TH 01 Each person is unique AMEL 14

Druid Dracula: DNA testing • With kits just add DNA sample with primers for amelogenin (XY) different STR regions. • Amplify and electrophores. • Allele ladder shows all varieties in population. 15

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Hardman’s Arrest • Standard police work identified Matthew Hardman as a suspect. Preliminary DNA testing provided enough evidence to arrest Hardman on suspicion of murder. • During the arrest, a knife was found in his coat pocket. Subsequent DNA testing revealed two sources of DNA on the knife, one from Hardman and one matching the victim. The possibility of a random match was one in 73 million. • A search of Hardman’s dwelling produced magazines and evidence of accessing internet sites featuring how to become a vampire. • Matthew Hardman was found guilty of murder on August 2, 2002, and sentenced to life imprisonment. 17

video

Insertion Mutation

Deletion Mutation

Frameshift

review Outcome of mutations

Normal Genes Mutation Cancer Genes 1. “Go” Mutation (1) Proto Oncogenes 2. “Stop” Mutation (2) Suppressor mutant genes suppressor 3. Genes that recognize DNA errors and repair or halt cell cycle (apoptosis) Repair Genes Mutation (3) abnormal repair genes