1929 1939 Stock market crash People didnt realize

1929 -1939 • Stock market crash • People didn’t realize the effect it would have • No money to replenish what was borrowed Many found being broke humiliating.

The Roaring 20’s • The new concept of “credit” • People were buying: – Automobiles – Appliances – Clothes • Fun times reigned – Dancing – Flappers – Drinking

Why was this bad? • Credit system – People didn’t really have the money they were spending • WWI – The U. S. was a major credit loaner to other nations in need – Many of these nations could not pay us back

The Stock Market • People bought stocks on margins – If a stock is $100 you can pay $10 now and the rest later when the stock rose • Stocks fall – Now the person has less than $100 and no money to pay back

And then…. • With people panicking about their money investors tried to sell their stocks – This leads to a huge decline in stocks – Stocks were worthless now • People who bought on “margins” now could not pay • Investors were average people that were now broke

• Herbert Hoover was president at the start • Philosophy: We’ll make it! • What He Did: Nothing! • The poor were looking for help and no ideas on how to correct or help were coming

• Farmers were already feeling the effects – Prices of crops went down – Many farms foreclosed • People could not afford luxuries – Factories shut down – Businesses went out • Banks could not pay out money • People could not pay their taxes – Schools shut down due to lack of funds • Many families became homeless and had to live in shanties

Many waited in unemployment lines hoping for a job.

People in cities would wait in line for bread to bring to their family.

Some families were forced to relocate because they had no money.

“Hooverville” • Some families were forced to live in shanty towns--a grouping of shacks and tents in vacant lots. • They were referred to as “Hooverville” because of President Hoover’s lack of help during the depression.

Dust Bowl Destroys One hundred million acres of the Southern Plains turned into wasteland Spring of 1934, the massive drought impacted 27 states severely and affected more than 75 percent of the country The Dust Bowl was result of the worst drought in U. S. history.

A drought in the South lead to dust storms that destroyed crops. “The Dust Bowl”

The South Was Buried • Crops turned to dust=No food to be sent out • Homes buried • Fields blown away • South in state of emergency • Dust Bowl the #1 weather crisis of the 20 th century

Two Families During the Depression

A Farm Foreclosure

Some families tried to make money by selling useful crafts like baskets.

*FDR* • When he was inaugurated unemployment had increased by 7 million. • Poor sections (like Harlem) had 50% of the pop. unemployed • Instated the “New Deal”

• People everywhere were affected by the depression • It wasn’t until President Roosevelt took over and tried to put the economy back together that people even saw a glimmer of hope.

Major Historical Happenings. . . • Jim Crow Laws • Scottsboro Trials • Recovering from the Great Depression • Racial Injustice • Poor South

Jim Crow Laws • After the American Civil War most states in the South passed anti-African American legislation. These became known as Jim Crow laws. • These laws included segregation in… – Schools -- Hospitals – Theaters -- Water fountains – Restaurants – Hotels – Public transportation – Some states forbid inter-racial marriages

• These laws were instituted in 1896 and were not abolished till the late 1950’s (even then still not completely).

– Nine black teenagers are falsely charged with raping two white women in Scottsboro, Alabama; eight are convicted and sentenced to death – The U. S. Supreme Court reverses their convictions because their constitutional rights had been violated – The teens are tried for a second time, and are again found guilty – The Supreme Court reverses the convictions again – Eventually, four of the defendants are freed; the other five serve prison terms – The last Scottsboro defendant was paroled in 1950 – It was virtually impossible for a black to receive a fair trial

• Started on a train bound for Memphis. • Several white men boarded and picked a fight with the black men. • Whites were forced off train by the 12 black men. The white men reported the black men had raped two white girls on the train to authorities. • They were immediately arrested and tried in front of an all-white jury.

The trials caused a huge uproar amongst the black community.

• Wrote To Kill a Mockingbird in 1960 • Based the story on her life growing up in Monroeville, Alabama • TKAM was the only novel she ever wrote

• The character of “Dill, ” Scout and Jem’s playmate in the novel was based upon Lee’s actual neighbor, Truman Capote • Capote is famous for amongst other things, In Cold Blood and Breakfast at Tiffany’s. • It has been said that he gave Lee a Mockingbird as a gift.

• In 1962 the novel was turned into a film starring Gregory Peck. • It received a humanitarian award and several Academy Award nominations