1920 s Nativism Isolationism Communism Palmer Raids Anarchism

1920 s Nativism ¡ Isolationism ¡ Communism ¡ Palmer Raids ¡ Anarchism ¡ Sacco & Vanzetti ¡ Quota System-KKK ¡ John L. Lewis ¡

Nativism & Isolationism ¡ Rise of Nativism l ¡ Prejudice against foreign born peoples After the war isolationism rose too l Desire to be isolated in all foreign affairs ¡ Not involved with any dispute outside our borders

Red Scare 1919 Red Scare ¡ Communists had joined labor unions ¡ Communists believed in community ownership of resources and means of production ¡ Antithesis of capitalism ¡ Being a communist was seen as being anti-American ¡

Palmer Raids ¡ Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer created a squad of men to destroy communists and anarchists who were trying to take over the government. l l l Led by a young J. Edgar Hoover Raided union headquarters looking for communists Made people suspicious of foreigners

Sacco & Vanzetti May 1920 ¡ Italian immigrants and anarchists ¡ Arrested for robbery and murder ¡ Witnesses only identified suspects as Italians ¡ S&V were arrested ¡ l l Evidence was circumstantial They were convicted and executed

S & V cont. Large public outcry over this case ¡ S&V’s conviction was clearly based on race ¡ 1961 ballistics did show that the gun found on Sacco was the murder weapon ¡

Immigration 1921 -American instituted a quota system for immigrants ¡ # of immigrants rose 600% between 1919 and 1921 ¡ l ¡ 141, 000 -805, 000 Limits on immigration l 2% of # of a nation’s immigrants that were in the U. S. in 1890

Immigration cont. ¡ Discriminated against Eastern & Southern Europeans l Mostly Roman Catholics and Jews Also limited Japanese immigration ¡ Later the base year was shifted to 1920 ¡

KKK ¡ Red Scare and anti-immigration sentiment led to a rise in Klan membership l 1924: 4. 5 million members ¡ 1925: 60, 000 members marched in Washington

Labor strikes were not allowed during the war ¡ Led to unrest once the war was finished ¡ 1919: 3, 000 labor strikes ¡ l l ¡ Pay Ability to join unions Some employers labeled union workers as communists

John L. Lewis Leader of the United Mine Workers ¡ Led a coal miner’s strike ¡ l Ended up getting 27% pay increase Later would go on to fight for 5 day work week and shorter work day ¡ End of 20 s saw a drop in unions ¡ l l More immigrants Excluded African Americans