1914 1918 The World at War Differing Viewpoints
- Slides: 96
1914 -1918: The World at War
Differing Viewpoints § “Family Feud” § “Fall of the Eagles” § “The War to End All Wars” § “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”
Causes of the War
1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance: Great Britain, France, Russia Germany, Austria, Italy
Formation of Alliances w Germany wanted to isolate from France so they could not regain Alsace Lorraine w Austria and Russia quarreling over the Balkans w Italy was angry at France for annexing Tunisia w Germany and Russia agreed to remain neutral if attacked. Treaty was dropped 2 years later by the Germans. w Russia and France signed treaty w British join with the French
Alliance System w With the formation of both Alliances it became evident that any future conflict would lead to a world wide conflict.
Series of Crisis w In Africa a French takeover of Morocco angered the Germans. w In Europe conflicts in the Balkans continued to escalate – Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina instead of allowing Serbians to rule independently – First and Second Balkan Wars (1912 -1913) Ottoman Empire lost most European territories to European countries or to the newly created Albania – Armenian Genocide- over 1 million Armenian Christians killed by Muslim Ottomans • Ottomans believed Armenians were supporting Russia against the Ottomans
Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:
The Major Players: 1914 -17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha [Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]
Europe in 1914
2. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger. , A-H, It. , Fr. , Br. , Rus. ] in millions of £s. 1870 1880 1890 1900 1914 94 130 154 268 289 398 1910 -1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73%
3. Imperial Rivalries
4. Nationalism
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe
The “Spark”
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
The Assassination: Sarajevo
The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip
Who’s To Blame?
The Coming of War w The Leader of Austria was assassinated by Serbian Independence Group “The Black Hand” w Austria decides to crush Serbia w Russia declares war on Austria w Germany declares war on Russia, France w Britain declares war on Germany w Japan joined Triple Entente w Ottoman empire joined Central Powers
A Multi-Front War
The Western Front
The Western Front
The Schlieffen Plan
Schlieffen Plan w Germans sweep through Belgium, knock out France b/f Russia mobilizes w Held of by British- Trench Warfare begins
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”
Verdun – February, 1916 e German offensive. e Each side had 500, 000 casualties.
The Somme – July, 1916 e 60, 000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1, 000 killed in 5 months.
New Weapons During WWI Invention Description Use in WWI Automatic Machine Gun Rapid steady stream of bullets Few gunners can kill waves of soldiers Tank Armored vehicle, all terrain Protected advancing troops, slow, clumsy Submarine Underwater ship launch torpedos Destroyed allied ships, brought U. S into war Airplane Prop plane with machine gun First used for observation, later air combat Poison Gas Masks Gasses cause choking, blindness severe pain; masks protect soldiers Lobbed into trenches
Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun
French Renault Tank
British Tank at Ypres
U-Boats
The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch , 1917
The Zeppelin
Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers
Poison Gas Machine Gun
German Atrocities in Belgium
Recruitment Posters
Recruits of the Central Powers A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother Austro. Hungarians
New French Recruits
A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier
Women and the War Effort
Financing the War
For Recruitment
Munitions Workers
French Women Factory Workers
German Women Factory Workers
Working in the Fields
A Woman Ambulance Driver
Red Cross Nurses
Women in the Army Auxiliary
Russian Women Soldiers
Spies e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy!
Posters: Wartime Propaganda
Australian Poster
American Poster
Financing the War
German Poster
The Eastern Front
Eastern Front w Russian lost over 1 million casualties, drop out of war by 1917 w Little gained or lost by either side
The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
Turkish Cavalry in Palestine
T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916 -18
T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918 -19
The Tsar with General Brusilov
The “Colonial” Fronts
Sikh British Soldiers in India
Fighting in Africa Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa] British Sikh Mountain Gunners
Fighting in Africa 3 rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade
Fighting in Salonika, Greece French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China - 1916
America Joins the Allies
The Sinking of the Lusitania
The Zimmerman Telegram
The Yanks Are Coming!
Americans in the Trenches
Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
“Art” of World War I
“A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918
“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917
“Those Who Have Lost Their Names” Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914
“Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington , 1918
“Paths of Glory” C. R. W. Nevinson , 1917
German Cartoon: “Fit for active service!”, 1918
1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50, 000 – 100, 000 died
11 a. m. , November 11, 1918
9, 000 Dead
The Somme American Cemetary, France 116, 516 Americans Died
World War I Casualties
Turkish Genocide Against Armenians A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!
Turkish Genocide Against Armenians Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey 1914 1922 Erzerum 215, 000 1, 500 Van 197, 000 500 Kharbert 204, 000 35, 000 Diarbekir 124, 000 3, 000 Bitlis 220, 000 56, 000 Sivas 225, 000 16, 800 Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey Western Anatolia 371, 800 27, 000 Cilicia and Northern Syria 309, 000 70, 000 European Turkey 194, 000 163, 000 73, 390 15, 000 Trapizond District Total 2, 133, 190 387, 800
WWI Ends w WWI ends 11 th hour, of 11 th day, of 11 th month, of 1918 w The Big Four – – Great Britain –Lloyd George Italy- Orlando Clemenceau- France Wilson- United States w Treaty of Versailles – Germany lost Saar basin, Alsace and Lorraine-France over 27, 000 - Germans paid war reparations-32 billion dollars - Germany forced to limit army and forbidden to maintain planes, tanks and naval ships
Other Effects of World War I w Formation of New Countries – Poland Recreated, Czechoslovakia created, Yugoslavia Created w LEAGUE OF NATIONS w Formation of an international organization to maintain peace and settle disputes w Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points became basis – Point 1 renounced secret treaties; Point 2 dealt with freedom of the seas; Point 4 advocated arms reductions; Point 5 advocated solving colonial disputes internationally w Weakness – No peace keeping force – Little to no power – Had to rely on boycotts
Other Effects of WWI w Woman’s Suffrage – Following Women’s involvement in the War many nations across Europe granted women over 21 the right to vote beginning in 1918
- 1914 1918
- Who reorganized the war industries board in 1918
- Language paper 2 writers' viewpoints and perspectives
- Paper 2 writers’ viewpoints and perspectives
- Intrapersonal communication barriers examples
- Braves
- World population 1914
- Eastern front ww1 map
- Rzeczpospolita trojga narodów mapa
- Soldati ungaretti figure retoriche
- Varför kallas perioden 1918-1939 för mellankrigstiden?
- 3.7 cm tak 1918
- 1918-1862
- Louisiana 1918 poll tax receipt
- 18 novembris 1918
- Red scare
- 1877 to 1918 cloze notes
- Proiect de 1 decembrie
- 1918-1862
- 1918-1862
- 1918-1862
- Louisiana 1918 poll tax receipt
- 1918 18 novembris
- 11 listopada 1918 piosenka tekst
- 1918-1862
- Jaan poska
- 1918 18 novembris
- Simbolismo pictorico
- Joodse organisatie ci
- Depunere revisal
- Lịch sử hà nội từ năm 1802 đến năm 1884
- 1918-1862
- 1918-1862
- Peintre viennois
- 1918-1862
- Why did the german kaiser abdicate?
- Hammer v dagenhart
- Ritratto di fritza riedler
- 1918 nobel prize winners
- 1 decembrie 1918 university
- In 1914, who controlled the shaded areas on the map?
- Európa térképe 1914-ben
- Colonial empires 1914
- Dinant 1914
- Imperialism map 1914
- Alianzas en primera guerra mundial
- Srbija od 1903 do 1914
- πορτογαλεζα
- Els imperis colonials el 1914
- Svjetska književnost od 1929 do 1952
- Hrvatska književnost od 1914 do 1952
- Picasso ma jolie 1914
- Colonial empires 1914
- The chain of friendship cartoon meaning
- How did the ottoman empire fall
- Ottoman empire 1914
- 1920 moda
- Well they ran through the briars
- The courtyard of the old residency in munich
- Protagonista niebla
- La treve de noel 1914 film
- Ottomaanse rijk 1914
- Who destroyed jerusalem in 607 bce?
- Born on may 12, 1914, in dallas, texas.
- Karte afrika 1914
- Wtd unit 4 1914 beach road malaga wa 6090
- Regionalism literature
- Characteristic of modernism from 1914 to 1945
- Buxaweb imperialisme
- Sarajevo 28 giugno 1914
- Frise chronologique 1815 à 1914
- Imperialismi afrikassa
- 1904-1914
- Latviešu gleznotājs 1891-1964
- Triple entente pada tahun 1914 terdiri dari negara
- Efg 1914
- Cuales son las causas del imperialismo
- Map of europe 1914
- Lasted until 1914
- War at home vs war abroad madison
- Description
- The cold war lesson 1 the cold war begins
- Reconstruction venn diagram
- Josette dugas
- War warst war
- Contact force examples
- Why was the civil war the first modern war
- Past simple ge
- Toward civil war lesson 3 secession and war
- Cold war sides
- Chapter 30 the war to end war
- Chapter 30 the war to end war
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