1913 1921 WILSON THE IDEALIST Background Born in

1913 -1921 WILSON THE IDEALIST

Background � Born in 1856 in Virginia � Scotch-Irish family � Father was a Presbyterian Minister � Unable to read until 10 � Princeton/ UVA/ Johns Hopkins

Influences � 1) Confederacy �Limited gov’t �Self-Determination � 2) Calvinism �Divine Mission/ Divine Accountability � 3) Reconstruction � Weakness/ Corruption of Congress � 4) University �Rule by Intelligence

Pre-Presidecny � College Professor � President of Princeton (1902 -1911) � Gov. of NJ (1911 -1913) �Introduced progressive reforms ○ State Primaries ○ Workmen’s Comp. ○ Public Utility Commission

Election of 1912 � Conservative/Progressive � Minority President- 41% of Popular Vote

Triple Wall of Privilege � Tariffs � Banks � Trusts

Tariff � Underwood Tariff Bill � 1913 � 1 st Pres. since Jefferson to summon Congress � 40%- 25% �Income Tax of 1%

Bank � Federal Reserve Act of 1913 �Sen. Aldrich (R) � 12 Regional Banks �Board of Governors

Trusts � Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 �Gov’t Consumer Protection Group � Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 �Strengthened Sherman Act �Exempted Union

Progressivism � Federal Farm Loans Act of 1916 � Farms and Small businesses could borrow 50% of value of land � Warehouse Act of 1916 � Crops as collateral for loans � La Follette Seamen’s Act of 1915 � US work laws apply to US ships � RMS Titanic � � Workmen’s Compensation Act of 1916 Adamson Act of 1916 � 8 Hour work day for RR � Keating Owen Act of 1916 � Child labor goods can not be sold over state lines

Supreme Court � Lochner Court �Hammer v Dagenhart (1918)- No to Keating Owens Act � Louis Brandeis

Wilson Un-idealistic Views � Blacks �Segregated Washington �Fired black gov’t workers � Immigrants �Favored immigrants… if they became Americans

� “Any man who carries a hyphen about with him carries a dagger that he is ready to plunge into the vitals of this Republic whenever he gets ready”

Wilson’s Foreign Policy � 1914 Panama Canal Toll Act repealed � 1916 Jones Act �Terr. Status to the Phil. � 1915 Marines sent to Haiti/ DR/ Nic. � 1917 US purchases Danish Virgin Is.

Wilson and Mexico � 1910 -1920 Civil War � US companies controlled 45% of ind. � 1914 Tampico Affair � US occupies Veracruz

� 1917 Pancho Villa attacks Columbus NM � Gen. John “Blackjack” Pershing sent after him