1900 1912 Progressivism The Rise of Modern Liberalism

1900 -1912 Progressivism: The Rise of Modern Liberalism

What is the role of government? Negative Liberty Gov’t exists to stop people from taking your rights Positive Liberty Gov’t exists to improve your condition

Can You Have Liberty and Equality?

Levels of Progressivism Individual State Federal

Previous Progressive Movements Social Issues Temperance Movement Abolitionism Prison/ Asylum/ School Reform

Farmer/Worker Issues Greenback Labor Party ▪ Gov’t should use paper money/ Inflate currency Populist Party ▪ Bimetalism ▪ Graduated Income Tax ▪ Direct Election of Senators ▪ 8 Hour Day ▪ Gov’t control of Railroads/Telephone Lines

If These Ideas Are So Great Then Everyone Should Follow Them!

Progressivism=Domestic White Man’s Burden

Why Do We Have States?

Muckrackers Henry Demarest Lloyd “Wealth Against Commonwealth” (Standard Oil) Jacob Riis “How The Other Half Lives” (Slums) Lincoln Steffens: “The Shame of the Cities” Ida Tarbell: Standard Oil Upton Sinclair: “The Jungle”

“Jungle”

Who Were the Progressives? Middle Class Small businessmen Squeezed out by the trusts above Threatened by the poor below Upper Class Idealists Help the Poor Rep. /Dem.

Progressive Political Demands Initiative Recall Referendum Secret Ballots

Progressivism in the Cities/States City Truancy Laws Clean Slums Juvenile Delinquents Prostitution Work Conditions Clean Water

States Gov. Robert “Fighting Bob” La Follette (Wi) ▪ Broke up trusts/ Regulated Railroads/ Direct Election of Senator/ Women’s Suffrage/ State Income Tax ▪ 1906 Names self Senator Gov. Hiram Johnson (Ca) ▪ Regulated Railroads

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire 1911 146 women killed

Progressivism Hits the SCOTUS Lochner v NY (1905)- Con Right to Contract Muller v Oregon (1908)- Pro States can restrict women’s work hours

Temperance Women’s Christian Temperance Union Anti-Saloon League

Roosevelt’s Square Deal Three C’s Control of Corporations Consumer Protection Conservation

st 1 C: Corporations Anthracite Strike (1902) TR threatens to seize mines

Department of Commerce (1903) Elkins Act (1903) Railroads cannot offer rebates Hepburn Act Gov’t can set maximum rate for RR’s

“Trust Buster” Northern Securities Company: J P Morgan 40 Trusts Busted Only the “Bad” Trusts

nd 2 C: Consumer Protection Meat Inspection Act (1906) Pure Food and Drug Act US v. Coca Cola

rd 3 C: Conservation Newlands Act (1902) Irrigation and sale of land 25% of Nations forests set aside 18 National Monuments

San Francisco Earthquake 1906 City Destroyed 3000+ killed

Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory combined into Oklahoma (1907)

Roosevelt Panic of 1907 Causes Hepburn Act crushes RR stocks Standard Oil fined for trust violations Copper Corner Fails Knickerbocker Trust Collapses Unemployment from 3 -8%

Solution J. P. Morgan floats the economy Gains Steel Trust

Aldrich Vreeland Act (1908) Banks could issue emergency currency Proposed a Federal Reserve