19 th Century Responses to Liberalism Luddites Chartists

19 th Century Responses to Liberalism Luddites, Chartists and Classical Conservatism

Overview Classical Liberalism theory practice Opposition to liberalism Luddites Chartists Socialists Classical Conservatism Reaction by Liberals Welfare capitalism Welfare state Keynesian economics

Liberalism • Dominant political theory in the 19 the century. • __________________________ • Favor parliamentary government. • People can pursue their own self-interest. • Society is a collection of individuals. • The right to vote __________________________ • Strong supporter of Capitalism.

Liberalism’s View Towards Industrial Revolution Government should allow _______________________________________. Support industrialism and technological change. All lead to liberty and freedom. Oppose ________________

#1 LUDDITES The Luddites, a band of nineteenth century English handicraftsmen, rioted in protest to the textile machinery that had taken them out of business. Luddites ______________________________________________. During the Industrial Revolution, the laws and customs which had been installed to protect the working class of England were ignored and eventually abandoned. For example, the Minimum Wage Bill of 1808 decreased minimum wage and the Combination Acts, banned trade unions. These were just some of the many sparks which drove the Luddites to rebellion.

Chartists #2 • Working-class in Britain that focused on political and social reform. They called for: - Universal suffrage for all men over 21 - Equal-sized electoral districts - Voting by secret ballot - An end to the need for property qualifications for Parliament - Pay for Members of Parliament - Annual elections • The right to vote was _____________________________________________________________ • Ironically, while the chartists were a persecuted group, most of their demands were eventually implemented in the Reform Acts of 1867 and 1884

Chartists continued… TO CONSIDER: Read section on pg. 132 -133 - What main principle liberalism were the Chartists fighting to have recognized? - What groups opposed change to the system? Why?

Reacting to Classical Liberalism: Classical Conservatism • Father of Conservatism: Edmund Burke ( 1729 -1797 ) • Famous Book: Reflections of the Revolution of France (1790): criticized the French Revolution • Revolution was not democratic - chaotic, violent and murderous. • __________________________________ _________________. • Foresaw the implications of the revolution (i. e. , execution of Louis XVI, Reign of Terror and Napoleon’s regime. )

Classical Conservatism • A reaction to classical liberalism • Wanted to revert back to the way things were before • Edmund Burke and classical conservatives beliefs: – Society _____________(people are not equal—some people suited for leadership) – _________________government – Care for the ____________ – Stability of society is paramount—achieved _______________________