19 3 Napoleon Forges An Empire 19 3

19. 3: Napoleon Forges An Empire

19. 3: Napoleon Forges An Empire Section Objectives: - Explain how Napoleon Bonaparte came to power - Summarize how Napoleon restored order in France - Describe the extent and weakness of Napoleon’s empire

Napoleon Seizes Power • • • 5 ft. 3 inches Military genius Born in 1769 on the island of Corsica Went to military school at age 9 Graduated at age 16 Joined the army of the new g’ment when the revolution began

Hero of the Hour • Napoleon defended the National Convention against the royal rebels • 1796, appointed leader of the French army • Attempted to take Egypt but failed Coup d’Etat • 1800, Directory lost control and Napoleon was encouraged to take political power • Directory was dissolved • Replaced by a group of three consuls (Napoleon was one)

Coup d’Etat cont. • Napoleon forced his way to became head consul and assumed powers of dictator • Coup - sudden seizure of power • Coup d'état - “blow to the state” • Britain, Austria, and Russia joined to remove Napoleon from power • After war and diplomacy, they signed a peace treaty = first period of peace in 10 yrs.

Napoleon Rules France • 1800’s - The new constitution was approved by the people. • Napoleon stayed consul Restoring Order at Home • Supported a strong central government while keeping some of the reforms of the revolution • First goal was the economy

• • • Restoring Order at Home cont… Set up a tax system Est. national banking Set up Lycees - public schools for people to attend and gain public employment by merit rather than family • He disregarded the revolutions role on religion – He signed a concordat with Pope Pius VII – Est. relationship between Church and state but Church had no place in National affairs

Restoring Order at Home cont… • Set up the Napoleonic Code (code of laws) • Set uniform laws • Eliminated injustices • (provided freedoms but on a limited basis) • Restored slavery in French colonies

Napoleon Crowned as Emperor • Made himself emperor • People supported him • Pope was waiting to crown him • At the ceremony, he took the crown from the pope and placed it on his OWN HEAD! • WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?

Break! Thumbs up if the answer is true, thumb down if the answer is false: Napoleon was a giant man who weaseled his way into the high ranks of the army in 1896. FALSE!!! Napoleon supported a strong central government while keeping some of the reforms of the revolution. TRUE Napoleon was crowned as emperor by the pope, who decided it was time. FALSE!!!

NAPOLEON CREATES AN EMPIRE • Napoleon wanted to control Europe and the Americas • Slaves in the Caribbean colonies wanted their freedom. – Under the leadership of Toussaint L’Ouverture, they rebelled – Napoleon was unsuccessful in crushing the revolt

Napoleon Creates An Empire cont. . • When he failed to crush the revolt, Napoleon decided to cut his losses • Offered to sell Louisiana Territory to the U. S. – Sold for $15 million to Jefferson for two reasons • To make money • To punish the British

Conquering Europe • Wanted to conquer more of Europe • Russia, Austria, and Sweden joined to stop Napoleon, but he crushed them • Signed a peace treaty • France was now the largest European Empire since Rome – Only Britain now stood in his way

Battle of Trafalgar • Napoleon only lost one battle, The Battle of Trafalgar – Naval defeat – 1805 - SW coast of Spain – Horatio Nelson was as brilliant in sea battles as Napoleon was in land battles – Split the larger French fleet and captured many ships

Battle of Trafalgar cont. • This loss meant two things 1. Ensured the supremacy of the British navy for the next 100 years 2. It forced Napoleon to give up his plans of invading Britain

The French Empire • Approx. 1810 - Napoleon ruled over most of Europe • In 1812, the only areas free of Napoleon were Sweden, Britain, Portugal, and the Ottoman Empire • Napoleon indirectly ruled other areas under puppet rulers and had alliances with others. • The French Empire was huge and unstable, he only held it strongly for 5 years.