19 1 Diversity of Protists KEY CONCEPT Kingdom

19. 1 Diversity of Protists KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.

19. 1 Diversity of Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike. • Protists are eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi.

19. 1 Diversity of Protists • Animal-like protists consume other organisms. – heterotrophs – single-celled

19. 1 Diversity of Protists • Plantlike protists are photosynthetic. – single-celled, colonial, or multicellular – no roots, stems, or leaves

19. 1 Diversity of Protists • Funguslike protists decompose dead organisms. – heterotrophs – can move, whereas fungi cannot

19. 2 Animal-like Protists KEY CONCEPT Animal-like protists are single-celled heterotrophs that can move.

19. 2 Animal-like Protists

19. 2 Animal-like Protists Animal-like protists move in various ways. • Animal-like protists are often called protozoa. macronucleus contractile vacuole food vacuole oral groove micronucleus cilia

19. 2 Animal-like Protists • Protozoa with flagella are zooflagellates. – flagella help zooflagellates swim – more than 2000 zooflagellates

19. 2 Animal-like Protists • Some protists move with pseudopods. – ��change shape as they move – amoebas

19. 2 Animal-like Protists • Some protists move with pseudopods. – ��change shape as they move – amoebas – foraminifera

19. 2 Animal-like Protists • Some protozoa move with cilia. – cilia help protists swim and capture food – more than 8000 ciliates macronucleus contractile vacuole food vacuole oral groove micronucleus cilia

19. 2 Animal-like Protists Some animal-like protists cause disease. • Protists cause some wellknown infectious diseases. • Malaria is caused by Plasmodium and spread by mosquitoes. • Sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma and spread by flies. • A giardia infection is caused by Giardia and spread through water. human liver sporozoites liver cells developed parasites red blood cells Malaria Infection

19. 3 Plantlike Protists KEY CONCEPT Algae are plantlike protists.

19. 3 Plantlike Protists Plantlike protists can be single-celled or multicellular. • Photosynthetic plantlike protists are called algae. colony daughter colony

19. 3 Plantlike Protists • Euglenoids are a large group of plantlike protists. – mostly photosynthetic – some heterotrophic – single-celled pellicle contractile – one or two flagella vacuole nucleus flagellum chloroplast eye spot

19. 3 Plantlike Protists • Dinoflagellates are mostly marine plantlike protists. – have two flagella – may be bioluminescent – have stiff protective plates – can cause red tide Dinoflagellates

19. 3 Plantlike Protists • Diatoms are plantlike protists with glasslike shells. – shells made of silica – produce large amounts of oxygen

19. 3 Plantlike Protists • Multicellular algae are classified by their pigments. – Green algae contain chlorophyll a and b. – Brown algae contain chlorophyll c. – Red algae contain chlorophyll a and phycoerythrin.

19. 3 Plantlike Protists Many plantlike protists can reproduce both sexually and asexually. • All algae can reproduce asexually. – Multicellular algae can fragment. – Chlamydomonas divides into zoospores.

19. 3 Plantlike Protists • Some algae produce sexually. – Some species alternate generations. – Sexual reproduction can be triggered by environmental stress.

19. 4 Funguslike Protists KEY CONCEPT Funguslike protists decompose organic matter.

19. 4 Funguslike Protists Slime molds and water molds are funguslike protists. • Slime molds have both funguslike and animallike traits. – decomposers, like fungi – can move, like animals

19. 4 Funguslike Protists • Slime molds can be plasmodial or cellular. – Plasmodial slime molds are giant cells with many nuclei. – Cellular slime molds contain independent cells.

19. 4 Funguslike Protists • Water molds are freshwater, funguslike protists. – one type of water mold caused Great Potato Famine of Ireland in the 1800’s – made of branching strands of cells – can be parasites of plants or fish