1860 Louis Pasteur 1897 Eduard Buchner 1905 Arthur

과학자들 1860 Louis Pasteur 미생물에 의한 발효 발견 1897 Eduard Buchner 효모의 분쇄추출물에서의 발효 발견 1905 Arthur Harden and William Young along with Nick Sheppard 효모의 발효에는 효소 외에, 열에 안전한 투석성 물질(보조 효소) 과 인산이 필요하다는 것을 발견 1930 Otto Warburg, Hans von Euler-Chelpin 효모의 당분해반응 Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof 근육의 당분해반응, 해당과정 1940 Otto Meyerhof Luis Leloir Pathway의 세부사항 결정

준비기 1단계. Glucose + ATP glucose-6 -phosphate + ADP 효소 : Hexokinase 조효소 : Mg 2+ 비가역적 반응. 반응결정단계

준비기 2단계. Glucose-6 -phosphate ↔ fructose-6 -phosphate 효소 : phosphohexoseisomerase (phosphoglucoisomerase) 조효소 : Mg 2+

준비기 3단계. Fructose-6 -phosphate + ATP fructose-1, 6 bisphosphate + ADP 효소 : phosphofructokinase 조효소 : Mg 2+ 비가역적 반응, 반응결정단계 1번탄소에 Pi를 한개 붙임

준비기 4단계. Fructose-1, 6 -bisphosphate ↔ dihydroxyacetone phosphate + glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate 효소 : fructose 1, 6 -bisphosphate aldolase (aldolase) 2 C-O 결합 과 3 C-4 C결합이 끊어짐

준비기 5단계. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate ↔ glyceraldehyde-3 -phosphate 효소 : triose phosphate isomerase dihydroxyacetone phosphate의 3 C의 2개의 H가 2 C로 이 동 Glyceraldehyde-3 -phosphate 2개가 됨

지급기 6단계. Glyceraldehyde-3 -phosphate + Pi + NAD+ ↔ 1, 3 -bisphoglycerate + NADH+ 효소 : Glyceraldehyde-3 -phosphate dehydrogenase 1번탄소에 수소가 빠지면서 Pi가 들어감 당분해의 2가지 에너지 보존 반응 중의 첫번째 반응

지급기 7단계. 1, 3 -Bisphoglycerate + ADP ↔ 3 -phosphoglycerate + ATP 효소 : Phosphoglycerate kinase 조효소 : Mg 2+ 1번탄소의 Pi를 다시 빼내오면서 O만 남김

지급기 8단계. 3 -phosphoglycerate ↔ 2 -phosphoglycerate 효소 : phosphoglycerate mutase 조효소 : Mg 2+

지급기 8단계. 3 -phosphoglycerate ↔ 2, 3 -bisphoglycerate ↔ 2 -phosphoglycerate

지급기 9단계. 2 -phosphoglycerate ↔ phosphoenolpyruvate + H 2 O 효소 : enolase 이중결합 형성

지급기 10단계. phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP pyruvate + ATP 효소 : pyruvate kinase 조효소 : K+, Mg 2+, Mn 2+ 비가역반응. 속도결정단계 피부르산 형성

해당작용 조절 ATP의 순익 Glucose + 2 ATP + 2 NAD+ + 4 ADP + 2 Pi 2 Pyruvate + 2 ADP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ 4 ATP +2 H 2 O Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H 2 O 전자 전달계 2 NADH + 2 H+ + O 2 2 NAD+ +2 H 2 O

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