18 1 The Civil War Begins pp 566

18. 1 The Civil War Begins pp. 566 -569

Objective: 1. List some advantages and disadvantages of both the North and South in the Civil War.

A. The Path to War (pp. 566 -567) 1. 2. 3. Lincoln warned that the federal government would “hold, occupy, and possess” all its property in the states that had seceded. One of the federal forts in the South, Fort Sumter, stood on a rocky island in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. Four weeks after his inauguration, Lincoln sent a fleet with supplies to the fort.

B. Fort Sumter (p. 567) 1. 2. 3. 4. Southerners viewed Lincoln’s order to send supply ships as an act of war. At 4: 30 in the morning of April 12, 1861, Confederate general P. G. T Beauregard ordered a bombardment of the fort. After 34 hours of bombardment, but no loss of life, Fort Sumter surrendered. The Civil War (1861 -1865) had begun.

Fort Sumter 1861

C. More Southern States Secede (p. 568) 1. After the attack on Fort Sumter, Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, and Tennessee seceded. 2. The border slave states to the north— Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri —supported the Union but not the abolitionist cause.

D. An Iron Fist in Maryland (p. 568) 1. 2. 3. About 100 miles south of Washington DC lay Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital. To the north lay Maryland, where many people held slaves and supported the Confederacy. After Union troops were attacked while passing through Baltimore, Lincoln placed the city under martial law, a form of military rule that includes suspending Bill of Rights freedoms.

E. Holding Missouri and Kentucky (p. 569) 1. Lincoln considered the border states of Missouri and Kentucky important to the Union because these states controlled the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. 2. Although it declared its neutrality at first, Kentucky remained in the Union. 3. Partisan warfare plagued Missouri for much of the war, but the state never left the Union.

F. A Divided Nation [Tree Map] The South Advantages Disadvantages -Fighting a -few factories defensive war -few railroads on home soil -small -Skilled with population rifles and horseback riding -Excellent generals The North Advantages Disadvantages -more people -had to invade -more factories South to restore -vast railroad Union system -divided on -large navy slavery -more money -Abraham Lincoln Textbook p. 569

Review: 1. Where did the Civil War begin? 2. What were the years of the Civil War? 3. Which slaveholding border states remained in the Union? 4. List some Southern advantages and disadvantages. 5. List some Northern advantages and disadvantages.