18 1 Electric Charge and Static Electricity Electric

18. 1 Electric Charge and Static Electricity

Electric Charge The property of matter that gives it the ability to attract and repel other matter. • Atoms have positive charges (protons) • Atoms have negative charges (electrons) • If an atom gains or loses electrons it becomes electrically charged

Electric Charge The Atom

Electric Forces Electric Force are the attraction and repulsion of electric charges Law of Electrostatics § Like charges repel § Opposite charges attract The strength of electric forces depends on the strength of the electric charges

Electric Fields are the space around the charge particle that it can affect. § An electric fields strength is dependent on two things: 1. Strength of the charge 2. Distance from the charge

Static Electricity is the study of the behavior of electric charges, including how charges are transferred between objects. § When walking across carpet with socks on your body collects negative charges § Touching another object like a doorknob or your friend causes negative charge (electrons) to “jump” to the positive object

Static Electricity

Transferring Charges Three ways to transfer a charge: 1. Friction 2. Conduction (Direct Contact) 3. Induction

Transferring Charges Friction Charge transferred by objects rubbing together Example Rubbing a balloon on your hair

Transferring Charges Conduction Charge transferred by direct contact Example A metal rod touching a charged object

Transferring Charges Induction Charge transferred from a distance Example Charged hand near a doorknob

Transferring Charges http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=-n 1 p. SHzdahc

18. 1 Assessment Question #1 How is a net electric charge produced? An excess or shortage of electrons produces a net electrical charge. Question #2 What determines whether charges attract or repel? § Like charges will repel § Opposite charges will attract

18. 1 Assessment Question #3 Name two factors that affect the strength of an electric field. 1. Net Charge 2. Distance from the charge Question #4 List three methods of charge transfer. 1. Friction 2. Conduction (Direct Contact) 3. Induction

18. 1 Assessment Question #5 What is the Law of Electrostatics? 1. Like charges repel and like