18 1 Chapter 18 Trademarks 2003 by West

18. 1 Chapter 18 Trademarks © 2003 by West Legal Studies in Business/A Division of Thomson Learning

18. 2 Nature of Trademarks A trademark is a commercial symbol, word, name, or other device that identifies and distinguishes the products of a particular firm. Trademarks differ conceptually from patents, trade secrets, or copyrights.

18. 3 Sources of Trademark Law • Common law • Anti-Cybersquatting • Free riding laws Protection Act of 1999 • Lanham Act of • Trademark Law 1947 Treaty • Federal Trademark • ICANN Uniform Dilution Act of Domain Name 1996 Resolution Process

18. 4 Trademark Subject Matter Words Slogans Titles Colors Numerals Smells Abbreviations Sounds Product package Manufacturer’s design premises The Coca Cola trademark is an example of a product in which the recipe, bottle design, and brand name are all trademarks

18. 5 Types of Trademarks Service marks Must be more than ancillary Certification marks Owner must be independent of the producers Collective marks Used to identify members of an organization

18. 6 Spectrum of Distinctiveness Arbitrary or fanciful marks Suggestive marks Descriptive marks Generic marks Classification of marks

18. 7 Acquisition, Registration, and Maintenance Federal registration under the Lanham Act Intent to use application Trademark searches Prosecution and examination Renewal and termination Limitations on the scope of use

18. 8 Trademark Infringement Likelihood of confusion Dilution Defenses to infringement

18. 9 Remedies Injunctions Actual damages Recall Treble damages Seizure Criminal penalties Impoundment Racketeering remedies

18. 10 Trademarks and the Internet Domain names and trademarks Registration of domain names Cybersquatting ICANN’s Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy