17122021 1 Alcohols and Ethers can be regarded

17/12/2021 1

Alcohols and Ethers can be regarded as derivatives of water in which one or two of the H atoms has been replaced by an alkyl group Saturated molecules are sp 3 hybridized

TATA NAMA q q q Rantai utama adalah rantai karbon terpanjang yang mengandung –OH Nama alkohol dinamai dengan nama alkana dengan mengganti akhiran -a dengan -ol Posisi gugus –OH diberi nomor CH 3 OH CH 3 CH 2 OH : metanol = metil alkohol : etanol = etil alkohol CH 3 CH 2 OH: 1 -propanol = n-propil alkohol : 2 -propanol = isopropil alkohol : 2 -metil-1 -propanol = isobutil alkohol

Letak gugus -OH menunjukkan derajat alkoholnya Ø Ø Ø ALKOHOL 1 ALKOHOL 2 ALKOHOL 3

Polyhydroxy alcohols are alcohols that possess more than one hydroxyl group 1, 2, 3 -Propanetriol (glycerol) 1, 2 -Ethanediol (ethylene glycol) 1, 2 -Propanediol (propylene glycol) Extremely Toxic Harmless

Electronegativity of oxygen causes an unsymmetrical distribution of charge Alcohols are found to have much higher boiling point than those of alkanes or haloalkanes in homologues series Methanol and Ethanol are classed as Polar Molecules (Hydrophilic) They are Soluble in Water Hydrogen Bonding SIFAT FISIK

As R-group increases in size, so does the solubility in non-polar solvents As the number –OHs increases so does solubility in water Bpt increase with chain length and number of –OHs Ethanol, CH 3 OH -Drinking Alcohol - 50% Ethanol is flammable Methanol, CH 3 OH - Solvent in varnishes, paint - Racing Car Fuel (easy to put out flames) - Highly Toxic

Alcohols are very weak Acids

PEMBUATAN ALKOHOL Hidrasi katalisis dari alkena (proses industri) Fermentasi gula menggunakan katalis enzim

ETHANOL CONTENT Beer, 3 -9% Wine, 11 -13% Whisky, 40 -45% Vanilla Extracts, 35% Night Nurse, 25% Listerine, 25%

Phenols are stronger acids than alcohols

ETHERS, RO-OR Methoxycyclohexane 1 -Propoxypropane Methoxybenzene (anisole) Cyclic Ethers

SIFAT FISIK Boiling point are similar to alkanes No H-bonding to one another Soluble in water (H-bonding to water) Polar Flammable – Ether can cause flash fires Low Reactivity – Make Good Reaction Solvents