17 3 Luther Leads the Reformation Bell ringer

17. 3 – Luther Leads the Reformation Bell ringer: pg 494 Q 1

Causes of the Reformation • Renaissance ideas were challenging Church authority • Aided by the printing press – WHY? • Various states of Europe made it hard to control, especially in Germany • Northern merchants resented paying taxes

Pg 488 Causes of Reformation • Look at the Chart • Create a Colum for Culture using your SPICE chart. Answer every bullet. • Causes of the Reformation due to Renaissance • * Contextualization and 7 th point. • Corroborating multiple perspectives across Themes.

Beginnings • Church viewed as corrupt: – Money for wars, pleasurable goods, & the arts – Pope Alexander VI fathers children – Many priests & monks are poorly educated • Men like John Wycliff, Jan Hus, Thomas More, & Desiderius Erasmus fuel these criticisms of the Church

Luther & the 95 Theses • Martin Luther – Professor of Scripture at Wittenberg University – Faith was key to salvation • Luther angered by church practice of selling indulgences (pardons) – Johann Tetzel tricks people into thinking they buying their way into Heaven • Luther responds w/ the 95 Theses – Posts them on the door of a Church & debates them • Beginning of the Reformation • Rise of churches that don’t accept the pope’s authority

• Luther pushed for complete reform of the Church • 3 Main Ideas – 1) Salvation only by God’s forgiveness – 2) All teaching based through the Bible – 3) All people with faith were equal • Ideas spread rapidly & gain many followers Luther’s Teachings

Response • Luther suggests driving out pope by force • 1520: Pope Leo X excommunicates Luther – Luther burns his warnings • Emperor Charles V puts Luther on trial at Worms – Luther refuses to recant – Pg 490 Tone? – I am bound by the scriptures I have quoted and my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I not retract anything, since it is neither safe no right to go against conscience. I can not do otherwise, here I stand may God help me- Martin Luther.

• 1521 Charles V issues: Edict of Worms – Luther is an outlaw & heretic • Luther sheltered by Frederick the Wise of Saxony • 1522: Luther established own religious group called Lutherans

• 1524: German peasants revolt against the serfdom • Christian Freedom – Raid, pillage, & burn monasteries • Luther appalled, calls for princes to crush the revolt • Peasants feel betrayed • German princes split over teachings – – Protestants – Lutheran supporters Seize church property (no Catholic Christians) Assert independence against Charles V • Charles V goes to war against the Protestants; fails to bring them back • 1555: Peace of Augsburg – Each ruler would decide their state’s religion Revolt & War

Connect to today questions pg 491 • Questions 1, 2

Henry VIII • Devout Catholic • Disagrees w/ Luther’s teachings; named “Defender of the Faith” • Problems: Needed an heir – Didn’t want war & only had a daughter • 1527: Wanted a divorce to have children form another woman • Divorce not allowed, asks for marriage to be annulled • Pope denies annulment, did not want to offend Charles V – Catherine’s nephew

Reformation Parliament • 1529: Asks Parliament to pass laws ending papal power in England • 1533: Marries Anne Boleyn – Parliament approves divorce • 1534: Act of Supremacy passed – Henry named head of the Church of England • Thomas More criticizes Henry; arrested & executed at the Tower of London

Consequences • Anne Boleyn doesn’t have a son; charged w/ treason & beheaded • 1537: Jane Seymour (3 rd) births a son, Edward – Jane dies 2 weeks later • Henry marries 3 more times = no more children • 1547: Henry dies, each child will rule England • Protestant reforms added by advisors of Edward VI • Mary returns England to the pope – Executes protestant resistors

• Wanted a return to Protestantism • 1559: Church of England (Anglican) set-up – Compromise – Protestants: Priests allowed to marry & use English for sermons – Catholics: many traditions kept/revised • Establishes relative religious peace • Faces push for reforms, overthrow attempts, faces money problems – Ideas for American colonies Elizabeth I

Create a timeline • From King Henry VIII to Elizabeth I and record important events and religious changes. Add a text box to each event • What • Who is involved • When: •