16 3 Segregation and Discrimination Literacy Test A

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16 -3 Segregation and Discrimination

16 -3 Segregation and Discrimination

Literacy Test: A test given to voters to determine whether they could read. Sometimes

Literacy Test: A test given to voters to determine whether they could read. Sometimes more difficult reading tests were given to African Americans. In what regions did it exist? 1. Literacy South Test Who were its How did it affect the lives of targets? these people? African. Americans and illiterate White Prevented them from voting; weakened their political power

Poll Tax = Money one had to pay in order to vote In what

Poll Tax = Money one had to pay in order to vote In what regions did it exist? 1. Poll Tax South Who were its How did it affect the lives of targets? these people? Poor African. Americans and poor White people Prevented them from voting; weakened their political power

Grandfather Clause: A person could vote if their father or grandfather was qualified to

Grandfather Clause: A person could vote if their father or grandfather was qualified to vote before January 1, 1867 In what regions did it exist? Grandfather South Clause (allowed poor White Americans to vote) Who were its How did it affect the lives of targets? these people? African. Americans Prevented them from voting; weakened their political power

Jim Crow Laws: Laws that helped to keep Blacks and Whites separate In what

Jim Crow Laws: Laws that helped to keep Blacks and Whites separate In what Who were regions did its targets? it exist? Jim Crow South How did it affect the lives of these people? Segregated them into African. Americans facilities separate from whites. Forced them to endure 2 nd class services from schools, hospitals, parks, transportation, etc.

Racial Etiquette: A term used to describe the informal rules of conduct between Blacks

Racial Etiquette: A term used to describe the informal rules of conduct between Blacks and Whites. These rules reinforced white supremacy and black inferiority. Racial Etiquette In what Who were regions did its targets? it exist? How did it affect the lives of these people? All, but Africanespecially Americans in the South Belittled and humiliated Blacks daily; made interactions with whites very dangerous. Forced Blacks to defer to Whites. Successful Blacks were especially targeted by Whites.

Debt Peonage: A system in which a person is forced to work to pay

Debt Peonage: A system in which a person is forced to work to pay off debts. In what Who were regions did it its targets? exist? How did it affect the lives of these people? Debt West and Mexican- Forced the, to work Peonage Southwest Americans against their will to pay off a debt. Made them and little more than slaves. African. Denied them the ability Americans to live their own lives.

Chinese Exclusion Act: In what Who were its How did it affect the lives

Chinese Exclusion Act: In what Who were its How did it affect the lives of these people? regions targets? did it exist? Chinese All A law that prohibited Chinese immigration to the Exclusion And U. S. ; It also suspended Act Chinesenaturalization (citizenship) Americans for Chinese already living in the U. S.

Identification • Ida B. Wells: African American Reformer who tried to work for anti-lynching

Identification • Ida B. Wells: African American Reformer who tried to work for anti-lynching laws • Segregation: Racial Separation • Plessy v. Ferguson: The Court case that upheld the Jim Crow laws = “Separate but Equal” was legal

African American Reformers: Both men sought to erase the problems related to Jim Crow

African American Reformers: Both men sought to erase the problems related to Jim Crow W. E. B. Du Bois • • Booker T. Washington Started the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama- A school (industrial education) for African- Americans that taught skilled trades (mechanical or technical jobs in factories) He believed that if Blacks showed Whites that they could be good workers/citizens then Blacks would gradually earn equal rights. Since Booker T. Washington was promoting a gradual change to the way African American’s were viewed, he was respected by White Americans and considered non-threatening His most influential years was in the early 1880 s. • • • Founder of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) and the Niagara Movement- an organization that called for an immediate end to segregation. Du Bois believed that as citizens, African Americans should be given the same political rights as Whites – especially voting rights. He believed Blacks should have better opportunities for higher education (college) and that Blacks should pursue professional occupations and become political leaders His most influential years were in the early 1900 s His ideas were considered radical and threatening to Whites.