15 The Male and Female Reproductive Systems Lesson

15 The Male and Female Reproductive Systems Lesson 15. 1: Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems Lesson 15. 2: Male Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 15. 3: Female Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 15. 4: Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth Lesson 15. 5: Disorders and Diseases of the Reproductive System

Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems Lesson 15. 1 Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems

Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems • reproduction • mitosis versus meiosis • development and puberty © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Reproduction • chromosomes – made of DNA, contain genes • asexual reproduction – offspring are a clone of parent • sexual reproduction – a gamete from each parent combine to make a zygote (genetically unique individual) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Mitosis versus Meiosis © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Mitosis versus Meiosis • mitosis – one cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells • homologous chromosomes – chromosomes duplicate in interphase – stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase • result – two cells, each with 46 chromosomes identical to the mother cell © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Mitosis versus Meiosis • chromosome number – diploid–two copies of each chromosome – haploid–one version of each chromosome • normal body cells are diploid • gametes are haploid © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Mitosis versus Meiosis • meiosis – produces gametes, or haploid cells – stages • meiosis I–homologous chromosomes separate • meiosis II–sister chromatids separate • result – four haploid cells with 23 chromosomes each © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Embryonic and Fetal Development • if SRY gene is present – 7 th week of development male sex organs begin development • if SRY gene is not present – 8 th week of development female sex organs begin development © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Puberty • maturation of the reproductive system • development of secondary sexual characteristics – females • menarche – males © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review and Assessment Match these words with 1– 4 below: male, chromosomes, meiosis, puberty. 1. maturation of the reproductive system 2. if SRY gene is present 3. made of DNA, contain genes 4. gamete production © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems Lesson 15. 2 Male Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology

Male Reproductive Anatomy © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Male Reproductive Anatomy • scrotum and testes – sperm produced in testes – sperm mature in epididymis • penis – delivers sperm to female – contains erectile tissue © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Male Reproductive Anatomy • ducts of the male reproductive system – ductus deferens – ejaculatory duct • accessory glands and semen – seminal glands – prostate gland – bulbourethral glands © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Male Reproductive Physiology • sperm formation – spermatogenesis – begins at puberty • sexual response – erection – ejaculation © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review and Assessment Fill in the blanks with: epididymis, spermatogenesis, testes, or penis. 1. Sperm formation is ________. 2. The ________ delivers sperm to the female. 3. Sperm mature in the ________. 4. Sperm is produced in the ________. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems Lesson 15. 3 Female Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology

Female Reproductive System Anatomy © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Female Reproductive System Anatomy • the ovaries – oocyte • egg cell – ovulation • release of egg from the ovary © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Female Reproductive System Anatomy • ducts of the female reproductive system – uterine tubes • connect ovary to uterus • uterus–womb – endometrium – cervix © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Female Reproductive System Anatomy • vagina – birth canal • external genitalia – labia–majora and minora – clitoris • mammary glands – lactation © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Oogenesis • • • oocyte production process begins before birth primary oocyte secondary oocyte polar bodies © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

The Female Sexual Cycle • also known as the menstrual cycle • ovarian cycle – maturation and release of oocyte • the uterine cycle – uterus readies for implantation © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

The Ovarian Cycle • the follicular phase – dominant primary follicle – pituitary gland releases FSH and LH – ovulation • the luteal phase – corpus luteum © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

The Uterine Cycle • the menstrual phase – endometrium breaks down and sheds • the proliferative phase – endometrium grows back • the secretory phase – endometrium prepares to nourish embryo © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Female Sexual Response • stimulation – tactile – psychological • orgasm © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. The vagina is the birth canal. 2. Oogenesis makes sperm. 3. The ovary is also called the womb. 4. Oogenesis begins before birth. 5. Ovulation is release of sperm from the ovary. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems Lesson 15. 4 Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth

Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth • • fertilization of the oocyte pregnancy childbirth lactation © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Fertilization of the Oocyte • the journey of the sperm – vagina, uterus, uterine tube – capacitation takes up to 10 hours • sperm penetration – zona pellucida – acrosomal enzymes © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Fertilization of the Oocyte • protection against polyspermy – only one sperm is required for fertilization – more than one sperm causes death of oocyte – chemistry of the zona pellucida changes after sperm entry • completion of meiosis and fertilization Nejron Photo/Shutterstock. com – sperm entry causes completion of meiosis © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Pregnancy • lasts approximately 265 days • from fertilization to implantation • development of the placenta, embryo, and fetus © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

From Fertilization to Implantation • cell stages – zygote – morula – blastocyst • implantation – blastocyst binds to endometrium © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

From Fertilization to Implantation © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Development of Placenta, Embryo, and Fetus • embryo – after implantation to 8 weeks • placenta – organ that supplies nutrients to embryo and fetus • fetus – after 8 weeks of development © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Childbirth • parturition – birth • oxytocin • stages of labor – dilation – expulsion – delivery of placenta © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Lactation • production of breast milk • activation of milk-producing cells – prolactin • delivery of milk through ducts to the nipple – oxytocin © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review and Assessment Match these words with 1– 4 below: dilation, prolactin, implantation, birth. 1. activation of milk producing cells 2. parturition 3. a stage of labor 4. blastocyst binds to endometrium © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems Lesson 15. 5 Disorders and Diseases of the Reproductive System

Infertility • male infertility – low sperm count – erectile dysfunction • female infertility – failure to ovulate – inability of egg to reach uterine tube – lack of implantation © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Infertility • treatment for infertility – lifestyle changes – drugs to induce ovulation – surgery to correct anatomical issues • in vitro fertilization – oocyte and sperm combined outside mother’s body © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases • viral – HIV and AIDS – genital herpes – human papillomavirus • bacterial – gonorrhea – chlamydia – pelvic inflammatory disease © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases • detection and prevention – symptoms • genital discharge, sores, rash, burning during urination, and growths – prevention • condom, abstinence © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Cancers of the Reproductive System • prostate cancer – PSA test • cancers of the female reproductive tract – – uterine cancer ovarian cancer cervical cancer breast cancer © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Abstinence will prevent spread of STDs. 2. A virus causes AIDS. 3. A virus causes gonorrhea. 4. A bacterium causes genital herpes. 5. Genital discharge is a symptom of STDs. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.