15 India and the Indian Ocean Basin Key

15. India and the Indian Ocean Basin

Key Terms and People • White Huns: Invaders responsible for the fall of the Gupta state in 451 CE. • Harsha- Buddhist and warrior king in Northern India who briefly reestablished centralized rule and proclaimed tolerance for all faiths • Mahmud of Ghazni- Muslim Turk responsible for 17 invasions of northern India with a goal of plundering temples (not religious conversion). Contributed to the decline of Buddhism in India. • Delhi Sultanate- Restored order to northern India and spread the Islamic faith. From this point on, much of Indian history is a story of conflict and attempts at reconciliation between Hindus and Muslims. • Chola Kingdom- Regional kingdom of Southern India that became rich from Indian Ocean trade.

Key Terms and People • Kingdom of Vijayanagar- Dominated southern India after the fall of the Chola kingdom. • Axum- East African Kingdom that benefited from Indian Ocean trade. Christian • Nalanda- Buddhist center sacked by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1196. Considered the beginning of the end of Buddhism in India. • Brahma- Hindu creator god • Vishnu- Hindu god of preservation • Shiva- Hindu destroyer god • Bhakti movement- Worked to eliminate the distinction between Hindu and Islam.

Key Terms and People • Dhows- Large ships from the Arab and Indian world that facilitated Indian Ocean Trade • Junks- Chinese ships that were larger than the Dhows • Malays- people from southeast Asia, references the Malayan peninsula (Malaysia and Indonesia) • Melaka- Powerful trading kingdom in the Malayan peninsula that controlled commerce between the Indian Ocean and the South China sea. Started out as Hindu, but enthusiastically embraced Islam. • Devotional cults- subsets of Hinduism centered around specific deities like Shiva and Vishnu

15. India and the Indian Ocean Basin