1450 1750 Themes Absolutism Empire building Religious wars

1450 -1750 Themes: Absolutism & Empire building Religious wars and reforms The Colombian Exchange New World Trade systems and its impact

Emergence of the Geluk School 1370 -1642 Tsongkhapa • Critcized moral decline among monks in Central Tibet • Advocated strict rules of celibacy and scholarship • “system of virtue” • 1408 Created Great prayer festival in Lhasa • 1409 founded Ganden Monastery • Other prominent monasteries founded by disciples in central and western Tibet

Sectarian strife Tibetan armor 16 -17 th century • As Geluk sect gained support among aristocrats, other sects and King grew suspicious • 1498 Geluk monks forbidden from attending Prayer festival • 1618 king closes Geluk monasteries and kills many monks

Rise of the yellow hats • • 16 th century Tibetan sculpture of Sonam Gyatso, Hermitage Museum • Sonam Gyatsu invited by Mongol Altan Khan to teach 1578 --dalai lama “Ocean of wisdom” title created Khan becomes “the protector of the faith” 1633 Mongol forces execute Tibetan King and give supreme authorty to dalai lama Geluk’s confiscate other sects property and persecute them.

The House above the clouds! • Tibet unified in 1642 1645 work Potala Palace begins • 1682 -5 th dalai lama dies but his death is hidden for 14 years • intrigue and succession issues = instability & outside interference The girl of the market place
And I made that "True Love Knot. "
I did not try to untie it, 
It untied of its own accord.

Intrigue & succession issues The emperor Kangxi • Mongol, Manchu, Dzunghar all interfere in Tibetan politics • 6 th dalai lama’s scandalous behavior provides excuse for Manchu invasion & also prevent enemy states from gaining influence in Tibet • 1720 Emperor Kangxi invades, installs 7 th dalai lama • Take control of Amdo & eastern Kham • Appoint ambans

The Manchu conquest, 1724

First contact with Europeans • Jesuits arrive in Tibet • legend of “shambala” • Jesuits kicked out in 1745 • 1774 Scots George Bogle introduces potatoes to Tibet • 1793 Tibet closed to foreigners