140 MBio Lab 9 Eaxmples of Microorganisms Aljawharah

140 MBio Lab 9 (Eaxmples of Microorganisms) Aljawharah Alabbad Amal Alghamdi 2017 1

Grouping of organisms into kingdoms is based on 3 factors : Cell Type (prokyotic or eukaryotic) 1 2 3 Cell Number (unicellular or multicellular) Feeding Type (autotroph or heterotroph) 2

1 st : Cell Type • The presence or absence of cellular structures such as the nucleus, mitochondria, or a cell wall 3

1 st : Cell Type Prokaryotes Bacteria, Cyanobacteria Do not have : • An organized nucleus • Structured organelles Eukaryotes Fungi, Animal Do have : • Nucleus organized with a membrane other organelles 4

Cell Number 2 nd : Cell Number Single celled organism. Unicellular Multicellular -Protozoans -Bacteria -some algae Many celled organism. cells start to specialize/differentiate 5

3 rd : Feeding. Type How the organisms get their food? Autotroph or Producer Make their own food Plant, Cyanobacteria Heterotroph or Consumer • Must eat other organisms to survive • Includes decomposers – those that eat dead matter! Animal, Human 6

The Five-Kingdom System of Classification 7

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Bacteria Nurition 1 st : Monera. Kingdome (Bacteria) Mutualism Autotroph Commensalism Heterotroph Pathogenic Parasitic Opportunistic Saprophytic 10

Bacterial Morphology Coccus. 1 Bacillus. 2 Spirillum. 3 Filamentous. 4 11

Aggregation System Mono Diplo Strepto Staphylo- 12

1. Cocci For example : Staphylococcusaureus Shape : cocci Arrangement : cluster (staph) Reaction with gram stain : Positive (purple). Disease : skin infection.

4 - Spirochete ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ Syphilis Treponema pallidum G-ve bacteria 18

5 - Filamentous (Actinomycetes) Branched bacilli e. g. Nocardia 19

Fungi Kingdom All fungi are eukaryotic Unicellular Multicellular (yeast) They may be unicellular or multicellular All fungi have a cell wall 23

classified by how they reproduce 1 - Zygospore ( )ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺠﻴﺔ : Zygomycetes e. g. Rhizopus sp. 2 - Ascomycetes ( ﺍﻷﺴﻜﻴﺔ ): e. g. Penicillium nutatum ، Aspergillus niger ،Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3 - Basidiomycete ( ) ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺯﻳﺪﻳﺔ : e. g. Agaricus 4 - Deuteromycetes ( )ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ : e. g. Fusarium 24

Saccharomyces ﻓﻄﺮ 28

Saccharomyces ﻓﻄﺮ Asexual reproduction: By Budding Bud 29

rd 3 : Algae Thallus Cntains Chlorophyll and other pigments Autotrophs 31

Where can Algae live? e. g. Nostoc • In soil e. g. Diatoms • In sea watre e. g. Volvox • In fresh water 32

Structure e. g. Chlamydomonas Unicellular algae Filamentous Algae e. g. Volvox Algal colonies e. g. Spirogyra 33

Example of unicellular motile alge Chlamydomonas ﻃﺤﻠﺐ 34

Algae Classification (Pigments inclusions) 1 - Cyanophyta 2 - Cholorophyta 3 - Phaeophyta 4 - Rhodophyta 5 - Chrysophyta 6 - Euglenophyta 7 - Diatoms 35