14 VIOLENCE ABUSE HARASSMENT 14 Only when we

14 VIOLENCE, ABUSE & HARASSMENT

14 “Only when we are no longer afraid do we begin to live in every experience, painful or joyous, to live in gratitude for every moment, to live abundantly. ” - Dorothy Thomson -

14 INTRODUCTION WHO’s CLASSIFICATION OF VIOLENCE 1. Self-Directed Violence 2. Interpersonal Violence 3. Collective Violence

14 SELF-DIRECTED VIOLENCE Self-Mutilation Examples of Self-Mutilation: ØSkin cutting with razors and knives ØBurning or biting one’s self ØPicking one’s skin or hair ØExtreme injuries such as autoenucleation, castration, or amputation

14 Risk Factors for -Mutilation: ØFemale gender ØAdolescence and college age ØSubstance abuse or personality ØHistory of self-mutilation Self

14 PERSPECTIVES ON VIOLENCE SOCIOCULTURAL ISSUES Events That “Trigger” Violence ØNot obeying one’s husband/partner ØTalking back to one’s husband/partner ØNot having food ready on time ØQuestioning one’s husband/partner about $ or girlfriends ØGoing somewhere without permission ØRefusing one’s husband or partner sex

14 Percentage of Women Reporting Rape in Their Lifetime by Race/Ethnicity of Victim

14 HISTORICAL TRENDS ØNo punishment for husbands in England murdering their wives until 19 th century ØU. S. courts did not criminalize wife beating until 20 th century ØSpanish explorers used female Native American captives for sexual services Ø 17 th century New England female servants represented 1/3 of rape victims ØAfrican female servants in the South victimized by white overseers

14 POVERTY INFLUENCES ØWomen in families with incomes <$10000 are more likely than other women to be victims of violence by an intimate partner ALCOHOL/DRUG INFLUENCES Ø 75% victims report alcohol/drug use by the offender at the time of the crime MEDIA INFLUENCES Ø 1 in 5 children (10 -17 years old) receives unwanted sexual solicitations on the Internet

14 COSTS OF VICTIMIZATION ØU. S. government spent $147 billion for police protections, corrections, and judicial and legal activities in 1999 ØVictims and families received $370 million in compensation benefits in 2001 LEGAL DIMENSIONS ØViolence Against Women Act (VAWA) ØDecrease in the number of violent crimes by intimate partners against females is attributed to VAWA

14 Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) ØCrime to cross state lines to continue to abuse a spouse/partner ØCreating tough new penalties for sex offenders ØProhibiting anyone facing a restraining order for domestic abuse from possessing a firearm ØSubstantial commitment of federal resources for police and prevention service initiatives ØRequiring sexual offenders to pay restitution to their victims

14 Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) Continued… ØRequiring states to pay for rape examinations ØProviding funds for federal victim-witness counselors ØExtending rape shield laws to protect crime victims abusive inquiries into heir private conduct ØRequiring that release offenders report to local enforcement authorities

14 GLOBAL ISSUES Ø 20% to 50% of the female population world-wide will become victims of domestic violence in their lifetime ØSexual harassment in healthcare settings ØGenital mutilation ØForced gynecological exams ØObligatory inspections of virginity ØRape as a weapon of war ØBosnia-Herzegovina conflict = an estimation of 10, 000 to 60, 000 women raped

14 FAMILY & INTIMATE VIOLENCE STALKING Course of Conduct: ØReported visual or physical proximity (on 2 or more occasions) ØNonconsensual communication ØVerbal, written, or implied threats ØA combination thereof that would cause fear in a reasonable person

14 The Stalking Realities: Ø 81% of women stalked by a current husband, former husband, or cohabitating partner were physically assaulted by that partner Ø 31% of women stalked were sexually abused by that partner Ø 1 st anti-stalking law was passed in California in 1990 ØCyberstalking is a factor in 20% to 40% of all stalking cases reported Ø 45 states are now protecting their residents from cyberstalking

14 Beware of Cyberstalking:

14 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE At Least 1 out of Every 3 Murdered Women is Killed by Her Husband

14 CHILD ABUSE The Reality: Ø 903, 000 children were victims of abuse in 2001 Ø 45% of the mothers of abused children are themselves battered women 4 Major Types of Maltreatment of Children: 1. Physical Abuse 2. Child Neglect 3. Sexual Abuse 4. Emotional Abuse

14 ELDER ABUSE 3 Major Situations for Abuse of the Elderly: 1. Domestic Abuse 2. Institutional Abuse 3. Self-Neglect 7 Types of Elder Abuse: 1. Physical Elder Abuse 5. Neglect 2. Sexual Elder Abuse 6. Self-Neglect 3. Emotional Elder Abuse 7. Abandonment 4. Financial Exploitation

14 RAPE & SEXUAL ASSAULT Estimated Occurrence of Forcible Rapes

14 Women Victims’ Age at Time of First Rape

14 VIOLENCE BY STRANGERS COMMON CRIMES INCREASING ØCarjacking ØGang Violence ØRobbery ØSexual Assault ØMurder ØRape HATE CRIMES Ø 9, 726 hate crimes were reported in 2001

14 SEXUAL HARASSMENT TYPES OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT 1. Gender Harassment 2. Unwanted Sexual Attention or Advances 3. Sexual Coercion DEALING WITH HARASSMENT 1. Human Rights Commissions 2. Fair Employment Practice Agencies 3. Civil Rights Act

14 INFORMED DECISION MAKING SOURCES OF HELP