14 The Urinary System Lesson 14 1 Anatomy

14 The Urinary System Lesson 14. 1 Anatomy of the Kidney Lesson 14. 2 Urine Formation, Storage, & Excretion Lesson 14. 3: Diseases & Disorders

Chapter 14: The Urinary System Lesson 14. 1 Anatomy of the Kidney

Anatomy of the Kidney • Kidney location and size • Anatomy of the kidney • Blood flow through the kidney © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Kidney Location and Size © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Anatomy of the Kidney • Renal cortex – Outer • Renal medulla – Middle • Renal pelvis – Inner © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Anatomy of the Kidney • Renal medulla – Pyramid – Columns © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Nerve and Blood Supply • Renal artery • Renal vein • Sympathetic nerve system © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

The Glomerulus • Glomerular capsule – Podocytes • “Foot projections" wrap around the capillaries and leave slits where blood is filtered © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

The Nephron • Basic working unit of each kidney • Two main parts – Glomerulus – Renal tubule © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Renal Tubule • Proximal convoluted tubule – PCT • Loop of Henle • Distal convoluted tubule – DCT • Collecting duct © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Blood Flow through the Kidneys 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Renal artery Afferent arteriole Glomerulus Efferent arteriole Vasa recta (capillaries) Renal vein © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Chapter 14: The Urinary System Lesson 14. 2 Urine Formation, Storage, and Excretion

Functions of the Urinary System • urine formation • urine storage • urine excretion © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Urine Formation • Filtration – Water & solutes from capillary to glomerular capsular space • Reabsorption – Water and solutes move from tubule to capillary • Secretion – Wastes in capillary pushed into tubule © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Urine Formation © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Filtration • Molecules smaller than 3 nanometers pushed out of blood • Hydrostatic pressure – Caused by potential energy • Osmotic pressure – From dissolved substances in water • Pressure controls – constriction of arteries © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Reabsorption • Sodium – Actively pumped out by sodium-potassium pump proteins • Secondary active transport – Glucose, amino acids, ions, vitamins • Osmotic pressure – Aquaporin channels © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Secretion • Drugs are secreted – Wastes in capillary pushed into tubule • Penicillin • Aspirin © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Reabsorption © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review and Assessment Matching secretion, filtration, osmotic pressure, glucose 1. Reabsorbed by secondary active transport 2. Wastes in capillary pushed into tubule 3. Water and solutes from capillary to glomerular capsular space 4. Caused by dissolved substances in water © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

The Renal Medulla • Nephron loop – Descending loop • Reabsorb water – Ascending loop • Reabsorb sodium © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Hormonal Regulation of Urine Volume and Composition • Aldosterone – Causes increase in blood pressure • Antidiuretic hormone – Causes urine volume to decrease © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Urine Storage • Ureter – Kidney to bladder • Bladder – Stores urine • Urethra – Bladder to outside body © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Urine Storage © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Chapter 14: The Urinary System Lesson 14. 3 Diseases and Disorders of the Urinary System

Diseases and Disorders of the Urinary System • • • Assessing renal function Diabetes Chronic kidney disease Renal dialysis Kidney stones Urinary tract infections © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Assessing Renal Function • Physical characteristics of urine – p. H = 4. 5 – 8. 0 • Chemical composition of urine – 95% water, 5% waste • Glomerular filtration rate – Estimate with creatinine concentration in blood © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Diabetes • Diabetes mellitus – Glucose in urine – Type I, Type II • Diabetes insipidus – Large amount of dilute urine – ADH not made or not used © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Normal Blood Glucose and Blood Insulin Levels • Carbohydrate digestion = increased blood glucose • Increased blood glucose = pancreas secretes insulin • Increase in blood insulin = • • Liver glucose uptake Liver conversion of glucose to glycogen Skeletal muscle glucose uptake Skeletal muscle conversion of glucose to glycogen © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Chronic Kidney Disease • Kidney damage • Glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min for 3 months – Develops slowly © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Renal Dialysis • Hemodialysis – Dialyzer • Peritoneal dialysis – Dialysis solution – Peritoneum acts as dialysis membrane © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Diseases and Disorders of the Urinary System • Kidney stones – Calcium, magnesium, or uric acid • Urinary tract infection – Cystitis – More common in women than men © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.