13 th CENTURY ENGLAND WATCH SYSTEM protected Englands

13 th CENTURY ENGLAND ¨ WATCH SYSTEM: protected England’s larger cities, like London.

th 13 CENTURY ENGLAND: ¨ WATCHMEN: patrolled at night and protected against robberies, fires, and disturbances within their church parish.

JUSTICE OF THE PEACE ¨ *created in the 1300’s to assist the shire reeve in controlling the shire.

CONSTABLE: ¨ Became an assistant to the Justice of the Peace and helped to supervise the Watchmen, investigating offenses, serving summons, executing warrants, and securing prisoners.

WATCHMEN: ¨ Eventually, the watchmen became the first paid police force.

BOW STREET RUNNERS Henry Fielding ¨ One of the first local police agencies. ¨ Good, but disorganized.

BOBBIES 1829 ¨ *Sir Robert Peel ¨ * Military structure

AMERICAN COLONIES: ¨ What government did the American Colonies look at for help in developing their law enforcement system?

AMERICAN COLONIES: ENGLAND ¨ *County: Shire ¨ Sheriff: Shire Reeve

AMERICAN COLONIES ¨ Fee System: Sheriff’s received fixed amount for each arrest; taxes collected and summonses served.

AMERICAN COLONIES GROUP ACTIVITY ¨ Would a fee system like this work today?

SHERIFF ¨ Originally he was appointed, but in the 17 th and 18 th Centuries, they became elected.

AMERICAN LAW Town Marshal ¨ Worked in the cities. ¨ Worked with constables, night watchmen and police justices to keep the peace.

AMERICAN LAW ¨ Despite all of the law enforcement officers, enforcement of crime was primarily left to the individual or the community.

SOUTH Slave Patrol ¨ Charged with the responsibility of capturing escaped slaves.

WEST ¨ Rewards: ¨ Rewards were offered for the capture of felons.

VIGILANCE COMMITTEES: ¨ Formed possees to capture felons ¨ The people who went out after felons were called vigilantes.

VIGILANTES: ¨ Vigilantes ended social problems like live stock theft by force or intimidation.

VIGILANTES: ¨ San Francisco Vigilance Committee pursued criminals until the mid- 19 th Century.

¨ WHAT IS THE NAME OF A MODERN DAY VIGILANTE GROUP?

MODERN-DAY VIGILANTE GROUP: ¨ GUARDIAN ANGELS

WHO DO YOU THINK HAD THE FIRST POLICE DEPARTMENT?

WHO DO YOU THINK HAD THE FIRST POLICE DEPARTMENTS? ¨ 1 ST: Boston- 1838 ¨ 2 nd: New York- 1844 ¨ 3 rd: Philadelphia- 1854

FIRST POLICE DEPARTMENTS: ¨ Replaced night watch system. ¨ Constables and Sheriffs then only served court orders, papers, and ran the jails.

EARLY POLICE AGENCIES: ¨ Police were corrupt, ineffective, politically appointed regardless of qualifications, brutal, high paid.

EARLY POLICE AGENCIES ¨ Patrol was on foot, no backup or way to call for help. ¨ Response to a threat was sheer brutality.

EARLY POLICE AGENCIES: ¨ UNTRAINED AND UNPROFESSIONAL. ¨ POWER WAS UNCHECKED. ¨ PEACE KEEPERS, NOT CRIME FIGHTERS.