13 Colonies Economies New England Plymouth 1620 Whaling

13 Colonies Economies § New England: (Plymouth 1620) -Whaling -Ship building -Fishing § Middle: (Manhattan 1626) -Small farms (corn, wheat, livestock) -Ship building -Lumber, Textiles, iron ore § Southern: (#1 -Jamestown, VA 1607) -Large farms (tobacco, indigo, silk, rice)

Fort King George st 1 English presence in GA

How Colonies Were Founded § § 1) 2) 3) 4) New colonies were made by an appeal to the king King issues a formal charter to start colony Charter serves as a constitution for colony 4 Types of colonies: Corporate colony- king gives land to a company (many were joint-stock companies) (VIRGINIA) Proprietary colony -king issued a charter granting ownership to a person or group (PENNSYLVANIA…safe place for Quakers) Royal colony -operated directly by the English govt. through a royal governor appointed by the king (none started out as royal colonies, but most became one) Trustee colony- Georgia was the only one; led by 21 men (including Oglethorpe) who oversaw the colonists

Puritans vs. Separatists -Puritans-against the Church of England (wanted to reform it) -Separatists-wanted to separate and start a new church 1620 -Mayflower-101 pilgrims settled at Plymouth, which was part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (Separatists)

Pilgrims arriving at Plymouth

4 Reasons for English Colonies § § 1) 2) 3) 4) 1607 -Jamestown-England’s first permanent settlement England wanted colonies because: Resources in North America Mercantilism- a trade policy designed to make a nation as self-sufficient and wealthy as possible (try to export more than import); because of the climate in England, had to use resources from colonies to have Mercantilism work; TOBACCO introduced from South America and Caribbean Wealthy English wanted a new place to live for the poor, homeless, and unemployed of England Religious groups –practice faith without discrimination

How Georgia Got Its Start 1732 - James Oglethorpe, member of British Parliament (well known in prison reform), convinced king to sign a charter to create colony of GA 1) Founder of GA 2) Born to a wealthy family 3) Fought for the less fortunate 4) Friend died in debtor’s prison § Would be a colony for those released from prison, who were debtors

James Oglethorpe

Why Settle in GA § June 30, 1732 - charter specified boundaries, form of govt. , rights, etc. § GA had 3 purposes: 1) charity- poor (debtors) could get a new start, Protestants could flee from Catholics (religion was not mentioned in charter) 2) economics-Fit into mercantilism system, GA had conducive climate, Engage in agric. England couldn’t (ex. Mulberries, grapes, olives) 3)defense- protect the Carolinas (buffer)

How were slaves affected? § S. C. slaves had previously tried to escape to Florida because Spain stated that former English slaves would get freedom in FL § Establishment of GA made it more difficult

Charter of 1732 § Permission: Given by King George II § Charter: a legal document that grants certain rights § The name: after King George II § Rules: 1. Trustees could not make a profit 2. No Catholics 3. No Slaves 4. No Rum or Liquor 5. No Lawyers 6. Could not…sell land or leave to women 7. Could not…own more than 500 acres

Tomichichi’s Kindness § Tomichichi & the Yamacraws controlled the land § T let him have it because the Y were not farmers & Indians could trade with the English § 2/12/1733 -colonists arrived at Yamacraw Bluff (GA Day)

Tomochichi: § Chief of the Yamacraw § Gave permission to settle the bluff John & Mary Musgrove: § Owned trading post on the bluff § Served as liaison & interpreter Savannah § Georgia’s first city § Est. By Oglethorpe in 1733 § Location: about 18 miles up the Savannah River

Trustee Period (1732 -1752) § § § Governed by 21 trustees Allowed a diverse population Fighting caused disinterest Oglethorpe dealt w/ Spanish Relaxed restrictions towards the end of the charter

Ebenezer Community § § § § § 1734 -German-speaking settlers (Salzburgers) went to Savannah Lutheran Protestants had been persecuted Fled to England, then to GA Settled 25 miles NW from Savannah (Ebenezer) Area too swampy and too far from river 1736 -wanted new area-Red Bluff (New Ebenezer) Many died and very strict on religion (punished for misbehavior) Produced silk and first cotton in GA First GA governor- John Adam Treutlen

§ Ebenezer settlement church in Effingham County (oldest settlement building in GA)

Diverse Populations…. Salzburgers § From Salzburg, Germany & Austria § Why did they come? Religious freedom § Ebenezer: near Savannah § Led by: John Martin Boltzius Jews § Not expected, non-Christian colonists § Samuel Nuns: Doctor that saved many lives

Highland Scots § § § Settled Georgia’s southern frontier Established Darien Protected Georgia’s southern flank

The British are coming… § Oglethorpe, Tomichichi, & Tomichichi’s nephew (Tooanahowi) went to England to ask king for funds to protect GA from S&F § Forts were established near GA border § O wanted to be allies with N. A. , but many colonists were cheating the N. A. § 1737 - “Colonel” O developed an army funded by King George § 1739 -English declared war on Spain

War of Jenkins Ear 1739 § § § Disputed land & sailing rights Raided & pirated each other Spanish captured Capt. Jenkins & cut his ear off Jenkins went to Parliament & Asked for retribution/retaliation

Spanish Threat In 1740…Oglethorpe attacked § Showed force yet could not defeat the Spanish § Retreated to Ft. Frederica & waited

Battle of the Bloody Marsh § 1742 -O attacked Florida & had Battle of the Bloody Marsh (English won) at St. Simons § 1743 -O went back to England & got married (never returned) § Colony turned bleak § 1752 -royal colony under British control