13 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors A keystone
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • A keystone species is a species that has an unusually large effect on its ecosystem. keystone
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • Keystone species form and maintain a complex web of life. creation of wetland ecosystem increased waterfowl Population increased fish population keystone species nesting sites for birds
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Why is salmon considered a keystone species • Main food source for over 140 species • Provide nutrients to the river system when they die
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors TODAY • Bell Ringer • Review • Crossword Summative 3 tomorrow BELL RINGER The photosynthetic algae are a. producers. c. parasites. b. consumers. d. decomposers. 19. The diagram, which shows how energy moves through an ecosystem, is called a a. habitat net. c. trophic level. b. food chain. d. food web. Helfrichi Firefish
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Crossword corrections • • 15 – change the animal to a Shark 26 – change the animal to a Herring 23 – change the animal to a Rabbit 16 – change to low pressure
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • • joules • • metabolism • • biomass • • biogeochemicalcycles • • hydrologic • • carbon • • evaporation • • condensation • • precipitation • • barometer • • high • producers autotrophs chemosynthesis consumers decomposer foodchain trophiclevels primary secondary tertiary foodweb ten photosynthesis abiotic ecology
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors TODAY • • Get your clickers Bell work Pre-test Begin Ecology Notes BELL RINGER 1. What is Ecology? (Topic 5) (Poisonous plant project due by the end of the day) Ribbon Fish
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors KEY CONCEPT Every ecosystem includes both living and nonliving factors.
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors An ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic factors. • Biotic factors are living things. – plants – animals – fungi – bacteria plants
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • Abiotic factors are nonliving things. – moisture – temperature – wind – sunlight – soil sunlight moisture
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Producers provide energy for other organisms in an ecosystem. • Producers get their energy from non-living resources. – Sun (photosynthesis) or Chemicals (chemosynthesis) • Also called autotrophs. carbon dioxide + water + hydrogen sulfide + oxygen
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Consumers • Organisms that get their energy by eating other living or once-living resources. • Also called heterotrophs
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Decomposers • Organisms that break down dead and decaying organisms through a process call decomposition
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors How would a long term drought affect producers and consumers?
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors KEY CONCEPT Food chains and food webs model the flow of energy in an ecosystem.
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors A food chain is a model that shows a sequence of feeding relationships. • A food chain follows the connection between one producer and a single chain of consumers within an ecosystem. GRAMA GRASS DESERT COTTONTAIL HARRIS’S HAWK
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors TODAY • Finish food web notes • Video – Create a food web using the organisms from the video BELL RINGER Pull out your notes from yesterday so we can quickly finish them up and start the video Harlequin Shrimp
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • Trophic levels are the levels in a food chain. – Primary consumers are herbivores that eat producers. – Secondary consumers are carnivores that eat herbivores. – Tertiary consumers are carnivores that eat other carnivores
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors A food web is a model that shows all feeding connections within a community
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors An energy pyramid shows the distribution of energy among trophic levels. • 10 percent of the energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. • The other 90% is lost into the atmosphere as heat energy (Joules) through metabolism. • Chemical reactions in organisms energy lost energy transferred
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • Biomass is a measure of the total dry mass of organisms in a given area. tertiary consumers 75 g/m 2 150 g/m 2 secondary consumers primary consumers producers 675 g/m 2 2000 g/m 2
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • A pyramid of numbers shows the numbers of individual organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem. tertiary consumers 5 secondary consumers 5000 primary consumers 500, 000 producers 5, 000 • A vast number of producers are required to support even a few top level consumers.
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • Specialists are consumers that primarily eat one specific organism or a very small number of organisms. • Generalists are consumers that have a varying diet.
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • A keystone species is a species that has an unusually large effect on its ecosystem. keystone
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • Keystone species form and maintain a complex web of life. creation of wetland ecosystem increased waterfowl Population increased fish population keystone species nesting sites for birds
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Why is salmon considered a keystone species • Main food source for over 140 species • Provide nutrients to the river system when they die
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors – – – Herbivores eat only plants. Carnivores eat only animals. Omnivores eat both plants and animals. Detritivores eat dead organic matter. Decomposers are detritivores that break down organic matter into simpler compounds. carnivore decomposer
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors TODAY • Ecology Notes (cycles) – Short video clips • Following carbon assignment BELL RINGER What is a connection between a car driving down the road, a tree growing in a forest, and global warming? Summative 3 on Friday Food web/pyramid + Biogeochemical cycles
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • Biomass is a measure of the total dry mass of organisms in a given area. tertiary consumers 75 g/m 2 150 g/m 2 secondary consumers primary consumers producers 675 g/m 2 2000 g/m 2
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors KEY CONCEPT Matter cycles in and out of an ecosystem through biogeochemical cycles
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • Oxygen cycles indirectly through an ecosystem by the cycling of other nutrients. oxygen photosynthesis respiration carbon dioxide
13. 1 Ecologists Study Relationships Two thirds of our planet is covered by water. 97. 5% of the water is saltwater. The majority of freshwater is beyond our reach, locked into polar snow and ice.
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Water cycles through the environment. • The hydrologic, or water, cycle is the circular pathway of water on Earth. • Organisms all have bodies made mostly of water. precipitation condensation transpiration lake surface runoff evaporation water storage in ocean groundwater see pag e
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Hydrologic Cycle • The sun evaporates water into a gaseous state – Also transpiration from plants precipitation condensation transpiration lake surface runoff groundwater see pag e evaporation water storage in ocean
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Hydrologic Cycle • The water then condenses (condensation) – Starts collecting with itself and dust particles to form clouds precipitation condensation transpiration lake surface runoff water storage in ocean groundwater see evaporation pag e
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Hydrologic Cycle • When the water particles are heavy enough the water falls back to the ground (precipitation) – Lower pressure = cooler = more condensing and higher chance of rain – Barometer precipitation condensation transpiration lake surface runoff groundwater see pag e evaporation water storage in ocean
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors precipitation condensation transpiration evaporation surface runoff lake water storage in ocean groundwater see pag e
13. 1 Ecologists Study Relationships
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • Carbon Cycle – The way in which carbon is stored and replaced – Carbon enters the atmosphere through volcanoes and burning fossil fuels – Carbon gets taken out of the atmosphere through photosynthesis carbon dioxide in air combustion respiration photosynthesis respiration decomposition of organisms fossil fuels photosynthesis carbon dioxide dissolved in water
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • Carbon Cycle – Dead and decaying organisms recycle carbon back into the soil – Decomposers can turn the carbon back into CO 2 – Excess carbon can be stored in the ground for long periods of time carbon dioxide in air combustion respiration photosynthesis respiration decomposition of organisms fossil fuels photosynthesis carbon dioxide dissolved in water
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors ? Describe the path of a carbon atom from Grandma Johnson’s remains, to inside the leg muscle of a coyote. NOTE: The coyote does not dig up and consume any part of Grandma Johnson’s remains.
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Grandma Johnson Plants Organic carbon Decomposer s e d xi o i d n bo r a C Organic carbon Oxidation of organic carbon - Cellular Respiration Herbivores n o b Generation of organic carbon - Photosynthesis c Coyote i n a O rg r a c Modification of organic carbon - Food Chain
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • The nitrogen cycle – Some bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia through a process called nitrogen fixation. – These bacteria live in the roots of plants; nitrogen in atmosphere others live animals freely in the soil. plant nitrogen-fixing bacteria in decomposers roots ammonification nitrogen-fixing ammonium bacteria in soil nitrifying bacteria nitrates nitrifying bacteria nitrites denitrifying bacteria
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors – Ammonia in the soil is transformed into ammonium. – Then ammonium into nitrate. – Nitrogen moves through the food web and returns to the soil during nitrogen in atmosphere decomposition. animals plant nitrogen-fixing bacteria in decomposers roots ammonification nitrogen-fixing ammonium bacteria in soil nitrifying bacteria nitrates nitrifying bacteria nitrites denitrifying bacteria
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • The phosphorus cycle takes place at and below ground level. – Phosphate is released by the weathering of rocks. – Phosphorus moves through the food web and returns to the soil during decomposition. rain geologic uplifting – Phosphorus leaches into groundwater weathering of phosphate from rocks from the soil and runoff plants is locked in sediments. animalsphosphate in solution in soil – Both mining and leaching agriculture add sedimentation phosphorus into decomposers forms new rocks the environment.
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Classwork • Answer questions 1 -5 p. 416
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors TODAY • Bell work • Close reading assignment • Biogeochemical worksheet This Friday is the absolute last day to retake summative 1 – you must come in today or tomorrow for remediation first!!! BELL RINGER 1. Pick 2 of the cycles we went over yesterday and say how they relate.
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors TODAY • Bell Ringer • Review • Crossword Helfrichi Firefish BELL RINGER 1. Page 423 #6 -9 Summative 3 tomorrow
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Close Reading 1. What is most important for a planet to sustain life? And how is that possible? 2. What technique is used to discover information about this planet? 3. What is the difference in the light given off by this planets sun compared to our sun?
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors that affect aquatic ecosystems • • p. H Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Nitrogen Phosphorous Salinity Topography
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors p. H – measure of acidity • Average p. H 6 -8 most organisms survive this • Low p. H (acidic) or High p. H (basic) – Non desirable plankton, amoebas, bad bacteria etc. survive
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Oxygen – measure of dissolved oxygen • Specialized organisms can survive in low oxygen waters – Tarpon, betas, mosquito larvae, mullet
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Carbon Dioxide • Required for plants • Released from fish • Will increase acidity in seawater
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Nitrogen • Fish release ammonia (toxic) • Turns into nitrite (toxic) • Bacteria turns this into nitrate (less toxic)
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Topography – study of the shape and elevation of the earth • Different topography house different organisms • Affect other factors
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Due Tomorrow • Complete worksheet • Questions page 419 1 -5
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Complete The Following (Due with food web) • Chapter review on page 423 • Questions: – 1 -5 – 10 -21 – 23 -31 – 38
13. 2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Complete The Following (Due with food web) • Chapter review on page 423 • Questions: – 1 -5 – 10 -21 – 23 -31 – 38 Complete what you do not finish for homework
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