13 1 CHAPTER 13 CURRENT LIABILITIES PROVISIONS AND

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CHAPTER 13 CURRENT LIABILITIES, PROVISIONS, AND CONTINGENCIES Intermediate Accounting IFRS Edition Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield 13 -2

Learning Objectives 13 -3 1. Describe the nature, type, and valuation of current liabilities. 2. Explain the classification issues of short-term debt expected to be refinanced. 3. Identify types of employee-related liabilities. 4. Explain the accounting for different types of provisions. 5. Identify the criteria used to account for and disclose contingent liabilities and assets. 6. Indicate how to present and analyze liability-related information.

Current Liabilities and Contingencies Current Liabilities What is a liability? What is a current liability? Provisions Recognition Measurement Common types Disclosures 13 -4 Contingencies Contingent liabilities Contingent assets Presentation and Analysis Presentation of current liabilities Analysis of current liabilities

What is a Liability? Three essential characteristics: 1. Present obligation. 2. Arises from past events. 3. Results in an outflow of resources (cash, goods, services). 13 -5

What is a Current Liability? Current liability is reported if one of two conditions exists: 1. Liability is expected to be settled within its normal operating cycle; or 2. Liability is expected to be settled within 12 months after the reporting date. The operating cycle is the period of time elapsing between the acquisition of goods and services and the final cash realization resulting from sales and subsequent collections. 13 -6 LO 1 Describe the nature, type, and valuation of current liabilities.

What is a Current Liability? Typical Current Liabilities: u Accounts payable. u Notes payable. u u u 13 -7 Current maturities of longterm debt. Short-term obligations expected to be refinanced. u Customer advances and deposits. u Unearned revenues. u Sales taxes payable. u Income taxes payable. u Employee-related liabilities. Dividends payable. LO 1 Describe the nature, type, and valuation of current liabilities.

What is a Current Liability? Accounts Payable (trade accounts payable) Balances owed to others for goods, supplies, or services purchased on open account. u Time lag between the receipt of services or acquisition of title to assets and the payment for them. u Terms of the sale (e. g. , 2/10, n/30 or 1/10, E. O. M. ) usually state period of extended credit, commonly 30 to 60 days. 13 -8 LO 1 Describe the nature, type, and valuation of current liabilities.

What is a Current Liability? Notes Payable Written promises to pay a certain sum of money on a specified future date. 13 -9 u Arise from purchases, financing, or other transactions. u Notes classified as short-term or long-term. u Notes may be interest-bearing or zero-interest-bearing. LO 1 Describe the nature, type, and valuation of current liabilities.

What is a Current Liability? Interest-Bearing Note Issued Illustration: Castle National Bank agrees to lend $100, 000 on March 1, 2011, to Landscape Co. if Landscape signs a $100, 000, 6 percent, four-month note. Landscape records the cash received on March 1 as follows: Cash 100, 000 Notes Payable 13 -10 100, 000 LO 1 Describe the nature, type, and valuation of current liabilities.

What is a Current Liability? If Landscape prepares financial statements semiannually, it makes the following adjusting entry to recognize interest expense and interest payable at June 30: Interest calculation = Interest expense Interest payable 13 -11 ($100, 000 x 6% x 4/12) = $2, 000 LO 1 Describe the nature, type, and valuation of current liabilities.

What is a Current Liability? At maturity (July 1), Landscape records payment of the note and accrued interest as follows. Notes payable Interest payable Cash 13 -12 100, 000 2, 000 102, 000 LO 1 Describe the nature, type, and valuation of current liabilities.

What is a Current Liability? Zero-Bearing Note Issued Illustration: On March 1, Landscape issues a $102, 000, fourmonth, zero-interest-bearing note to Castle National Bank. The present value of the note is $100, 000. Landscape records this transaction as follows. Cash 100, 000 Notes payable 13 -13 100, 000 LO 1 Describe the nature, type, and valuation of current liabilities.

What is a Current Liability? If Landscape prepares financial statements semiannually, it makes the following adjusting entry to recognize interest expense and the increase in the note payable of $2, 000 at June 30. Interest expense 2, 000 Notes payable 2, 000 At maturity (July 1), Landscape must pay the note, as follows. Notes payable Cash 13 -14 102, 000 LO 1 Describe the nature, type, and valuation of current liabilities.

What is a Current Liability? E 13 -2: (Accounts and Notes Payable) The following are selected 2010 transactions of Darby Corporation. Sept. 1 - Purchased inventory from Orion Company on account for $50, 000. Darby records purchases gross and uses a periodic inventory system. Oct. 1 - Issued a $50, 000, 12 -month, 8% note to Orion in payment of account. Oct. 1 - Borrowed $75, 000 from the Shore Bank by signing a 12 month, zero-interest-bearing $81, 000 note. Prepare journal entries for the selected transactions. 13 -15 LO 1 Describe the nature, type, and valuation of current liabilities.

What is a Current Liability? Sept. 1 - Purchased inventory from Orion Company on account for $50, 000. Darby records purchases gross and uses a periodic inventory system. Sept. 1 Purchases Accounts payable 13 -16 50, 000 LO 1 Describe the nature, type, and valuation of current liabilities.

What is a Current Liability? Oct. 1 - Issued a $50, 000, 12 -month, 8% note to Orion in payment of account. Oct. 1 Accounts payable 50, 000 Notes payable Interest calculation = Dec. 31 ($50, 000 x 8% x 3/12) = $1, 000 Interest expense Interest payable 13 -17 50, 000 1, 000 LO 1 Describe the nature, type, and valuation of current liabilities.

What is a Current Liability? Oct. 1 - Borrowed $75, 000 from the Shore Bank by signing a 12 month, zero-interest-bearing $81, 000 note. Oct. 1 Cash 75, 000 Notes payable Interest calculation = Dec. 31 ($6, 000 x 3/12) = $1, 500 Interest expense Notes payable 13 -18 75, 000 1, 500 LO 1 Describe the nature, type, and valuation of current liabilities.

What is a Current Liability? Current Maturities of Long-Term Debt Portion of bonds, mortgage notes, and other long-term indebtedness that matures within the next fiscal year. Exclude long-term debts maturing currently if they are to be: 1. Retired by assets accumulated that have not been shown as current assets, 2. Refinanced, or retired from the proceeds of a new debt issue, or 3. Converted into ordinary shares. 13 -19 LO 1 Describe the nature, type, and valuation of current liabilities.

What is a Current Liability? Short-Term Obligations Expected to Be Refinanced Exclude from current liabilities if both of the following conditions are met: 1. Must intend to refinance the obligation on a long-term basis. 2. Must have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting date. 13 -20 LO 2 Explain the classification issues of short-term debt expected to be refinanced.

What is a Current Liability? E 13 -4 (Refinancing of Short-Term Debt): The CFO for Hendricks Corporation is discussing with the company’s chief executive officer issues related to the company’s short-term obligations. Presently, both the current ratio and the acid-test ratio for the company are quite low, and the chief executive officer is wondering if any of these short-term obligations could be reclassified as long-term. The financial reporting date is December 31, 2010. Two short-term obligations were discussed, and the following action was taken by the CFO. Instructions: Indicate how these transactions should be reported at Dec. 31, 2010, on Hendricks’ statement of financial position. 13 -21 LO 2

What is a Current Liability? Short-term obligation A: Hendricks has a $50, 000 short-term obligation due on March 1, 2011. The CFO discussed with its lender whether the payment could be extended to March 1, 2013, provided Hendricks agrees to provide additional collateral. An agreement is reached on February 1, 2011, to change the loan terms to extend the obligation’s maturity to March 1, 2013. The financial statements are authorized for issuance on April 1, 2011. Liability of $50, 000 Refinance completed Liability due for payment Statement Issuance Dec. 31, 2010 Feb. 1, 2011 Mar. 1, 2011 Apr. 1, 2011 13 -22 LO 2 Explain the classification issues of short-term debt expected to be refinanced.

What is a Current Liability? Short-term obligation A: Hendricks has a $50, 000 short-term obligation due on March 1, 2011. The CFO discussed with its lender whether the payment could be extended to March 1, 2013, provided Hendricks agrees to provide additional collateral. An agreement is reached on February 1, 2011, to change the loan terms to extend the obligation’s maturity to March 1, 2013. The financial statements are authorized for issuance on April 1, 2011. Current Liability of $50, 000 Dec. 31, 2010 13 -23 Since the agreement was not in place as of the reporting date (December 31, 2010), the obligation should be reported as a current liability. LO 2 Explain the classification issues of short-term debt expected to be refinanced.

What is a Current Liability? Short-term obligation B: Hendricks also has another short-term obligation of $120, 000 due on February 15, 2011. In its discussion with the lender, the lender agrees to extend the maturity date to February 1, 2012. The agreement is signed on December 18, 2010. The financial statements are authorized for issuance on March 31, 2011. Refinance completed Liability of $120, 000 Liability due for payment Statement Issuance Dec. 18, 2010 Dec. 31, 2010 Feb. 15, 2011 Mar. 31, 2011 13 -24 LO 2 Explain the classification issues of short-term debt expected to be refinanced.

What is a Current Liability? Short-term obligation B: Hendricks also has another short-term obligation of $120, 000 due on February 15, 2011. In its discussion with the lender, the lender agrees to extend the maturity date to February 1, 2012. The agreement is signed on December 18, 2010. The financial statements are authorized for issuance on March 31, 2011. Refinance completed Non-Current Liability of $120, 000 Dec. 18, 2010 Dec. 31, 2010 13 -25 Since the agreement was in place as of the reporting date (December 31, 2010), the obligation is reported as a noncurrent liability. LO 2 Explain the classification issues of short-term debt expected to be refinanced.

What is a Current Liability? Dividends Payable Amount owed by a corporation to its stockholders as a result of board of directors’ authorization. u Generally paid within three months. u Undeclared dividends on cumulative preference shares not recognized as a liability. u Dividends payable in the form of additional shares are not recognized as a liability. Reported in equity. 13 -26 LO 2 Explain the classification issues of short-term debt expected to be refinanced.

What is a Current Liability? Customer Advances and Deposits Returnable cash deposits received from customers and employees. u 13 -27 May be classified as current or non-current liabilities. LO 2 Explain the classification issues of short-term debt expected to be refinanced.

What is a Current Liability? Unearned Revenues Payment received before delivering goods or rendering services? 13 -28 Illustration 13 -2 Unearned and Earned Revenue Accounts LO 2 Explain the classification issues of short-term debt expected to be refinanced.

What is a Current Liability? BE 13 -6: Sports Pro Magazine sold 12, 000 annual subscriptions on August 1, 2010, for $18 each. Prepare Sports Pro’s August 1, 2010, journal entry and the December 31, 2010, annual adjusting entry. Aug. 1 Cash 216, 000 Unearned revenue 216, 000 (12, 000 x $18) Dec. 31 Unearned revenue Subscription revenue 90, 000 ($216, 000 x 5/12 = $90, 000) 13 -29 LO 2 Explain the classification issues of short-term debt expected to be refinanced.

What is a Current Liability? Sales Taxes Payable Retailers must collect sales taxes or value-added taxes (VAT) from customers on transfers of tangible personal property and on certain services and then remit to the proper governmental authority. 13 -30 LO 2 Explain the classification issues of short-term debt expected to be refinanced.

What is a Current Liability? BE 13 -7: Dillons Corporation made credit sales of $30, 000 which are subject to 6% sales tax. The corporation also made cash sales which totaled $20, 670 including the 6% sales tax. (a) prepare the entry to record Dillons’ credit sales. (b) Prepare the entry to record Dillons’ cash sales. Accounts receivable Sales tax payable 31, 800 ($30, 000 x 6% = $1, 800) Cash Sales ($20, 670 1. 06 = $19, 500) Sales tax payable 13 -31 30, 000 1, 800 20, 670 19, 500 1, 170 LO 2

What is a Current Liability? Income Tax Payable Businesses must prepare an income tax return and compute the income tax payable. u Taxes payable are a current liability. u Corporations must make periodic tax payments. u Differences between taxable income and accounting income sometimes occur (Chapter 19). 13 -32 LO 2 Explain the classification issues of short-term debt expected to be refinanced.

What is a Current Liability? Employee-Related Liabilities Amounts owed to employees for salaries or wages are reported as a current liability. Current liabilities may include: 13 -33 u Payroll deductions. u Compensated absences. u Bonuses. LO 3 Identify types of employee-related liabilities.

What is a Current Liability? Payroll Deductions Taxes: ► Social Security Taxes ► Income Tax Withholding Illustration 13 -3 Summary of Payroll Liabilities 13 -34 LO 3 Identify types of employee-related liabilities.

What is a Current Liability? Illustration: Assume a weekly payroll of $10, 000 entirely subject to Social Security taxes (8%), with income tax withholding of $1, 320 and union dues of $88 deducted. The company records the wages and salaries paid and the employee payroll deductions as follows. Wages and salaries expense Withholding taxes payable Social security taxes payable Union dues payable Cash 13 -35 10, 000 1, 320 800 88 7, 792 LO 3 Identify types of employee-related liabilities.

What is a Current Liability? Illustration: Assume a weekly payroll of $10, 000 entirely subject to Social Security taxes (8%), with income tax withholding of $1, 320 and union dues of $88 deducted. The company records the employer payroll taxes as follows. Payroll tax expense 800 Social security taxes payable 800 The employer must remit to the government its share of Social Security tax along with the amount of Social Security tax deducted from each employee’s gross compensation. 13 -36 LO 3 Identify types of employee-related liabilities.

What is a Current Liability? Compensated Absences Paid absences for vacation, illness and maternity, paternity, and jury leaves. Vested rights - employer has an obligation to make payment to an employee even after terminating his or her employment. Accumulated rights - employees can carry forward to future periods if not used in the period in which earned. Non-accumulating rights - do not carry forward; they lapse if not used. 13 -37 LO 3 Identify types of employee-related liabilities.

What is a Current Liability? Illustration: Amutron Inc. began operations on January 1, 2011. The company employs 10 individuals and pays each € 480 per week. Employees earned 20 unused vacation weeks in 2011. In 2012, the employees used the vacation weeks, but now they each earn € 540 per week. Amutron accrues the accumulated vacation pay on December 31, 2011, as follows. Wages expense 9, 600 Vacation wages payable 9, 600 In 2012, it records the payment of vacation pay as follows. 13 -38 Vacation wages payable 9, 600 Wages expense 1, 200 Cash 10, 800 LO 3

What is a Current Liability? Profit-Sharing and Bonus Plans Payments to certain or all employees in addition to their regular salaries or wages. 13 -39 u Bonuses paid are an operating expense. u Unpaid bonuses should be reported as a current liability. LO 3 Identify types of employee-related liabilities.

Provisions Provision is a liability of uncertain timing or amount. Reported either as current or non-current liability. Common types are 13 -40 ► Obligations related to litigation. ► Warrantees or product guarantees. ► Business restructurings. ► Environmental damage. Uncertainty about the timing or amount of the future expenditure required to settle the obligation. LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Recognition of a Provision Companies accrue an expense and related liability for a provision only if the following three conditions are met: 1. Warrantees or product guarantees. 2. Probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and 3. A reliable estimate can be made. 13 -41 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Recognition of a Provision Recognition Examples A reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be determined. Illustration 13 -42 LO 4

Recognition of a Provision Recognition Examples Constructive obligation is an obligation that derives from a company’s actions where: 1. By an established pattern of past practice, published policies, or a sufficiently specific current statement, the company has indicated to other parties that it will accept certain responsibilities; and 2. As a result, the company has created a valid expectation on the part of those other parties that it will discharge those responsibilities. 13 -43 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Recognition of a Provision Recognition Examples A reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be determined. Illustration 13 -5 13 -44 LO 4

Recognition of a Provision Recognition Examples A reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be determined. Illustration 13 -6 13 -45 LO 4

Measurement of Provisions How does a company determine the amount to report for a provision? IFRS: Amount recognized should be the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation. Best estimate represents the amount that a company would pay to settle the obligation at the statement of financial position date. 13 -46 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Measurement of Provisions Measurement Examples Management must use judgment, based on past or similar transactions, discussions with experts, and any other pertinent information. Toyota warranties. Toyota might determine that 80 percent of its cars will not have any warranty cost, 12 percent will have substantial costs, and 8 percent will have a much smaller cost. In this case, by weighting all the possible outcomes by their associated probabilities, Toyota arrives at an expected value for its warranty liability. 13 -47 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Measurement of Provisions Measurement Examples Management must use judgment, based on past or similar transactions, discussions with experts, and any other pertinent information. Carrefour refunds. Carrefour sells many items at varying selling prices. Refunds to customers for products sold may be viewed as a continuous range of refunds, with each point in the range having the same probability of occurrence. In this case, the midpoint in the range can be used as the basis for measuring the amount of the refunds. 13 -48 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Measurement of Provisions Measurement Examples Novartis lawsuit. Large companies like Novartis are involved in numerous litigation issues related to their products. Where a single obligation such as a lawsuit is being measured, the most likely outcome of the lawsuit may be the best estimate of the liability. Measurement of the liability should consider the time value of money. Future events that may have an impact on the measurement of the costs should be considered. 13 -49 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Common Types: 1. Lawsuits 4. Environmental 2. Warranties 5. Onerous contracts 3. Premiums 6. Restructuring IFRS requires extensive disclosure related to provisions in the notes to the financial statements, however companies do not record or report in the notes general risk contingencies inherent in business operations (e. g. , the possibility of war, strike, uninsurable catastrophes, or a business recession). 13 -50 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Litigation Provisions Companies must consider the following in determining whether to record a liability with respect to pending or threatened litigation and actual or possible claims and assessments. 1. Time period in which the underlying cause of action occurred. 2. Probability of an unfavorable outcome. 3. Ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of loss. 13 -51 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Litigation Provisions With respect to unfiled suits and unasserted claims and assessments, a company must determine 1. the degree of probability that a suit may be filed or a claim or assessment may be asserted, and 2. the probability of an unfavorable outcome. If both are probable, if the loss is reasonably estimable, and if the cause for action is dated on or before the date of the financial statements, then the company should accrue the liability. 13 -52 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions BE 13 -10: Scorcese Inc. is involved in a lawsuit at December 31, 2010. (a) Prepare the December 31 entry assuming it is probable that Scorcese will be liable for $900, 000 as a result of this suit. (b) Prepare the December 31 entry, if any, assuming it is not probable that Scorcese will be liable for any payment as a result of this suit. (a) Lawsuit loss Lawsuit liability 900, 000 (b) No entry is necessary. The loss is not accrued because it is not probable that a liability has been incurred at 12/31/10. 13 -53 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Warranty Provisions Promise made by a seller to a buyer to make good on a deficiency of quantity, quality, or performance in a product. If it is probable that customers will make warranty claims and a company can reasonably estimate the costs involved, the company must record an expense. 13 -54 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Warranty Provisions Two basic methods of accounting for warranty costs: Cash-Basis method ► Expense warranty costs as incurred, because 1. it is not probable that a liability has been incurred, or 2. it cannot reasonably estimate the amount of the liability. 13 -55 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Warranty Provisions Two basic methods of accounting for warranty costs: Accrual-Basis method 13 -56 ► Charge warranty costs to operating expense in the year of sale. ► Method is the generally accepted method. ► Referred to as the expense warranty approach. LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions BE 13 -13: Streep Factory provides a 2 -year warranty with one of its products which was first sold in 2010. In that year, Streep spent $70, 000 servicing warranty claims. At year-end, Streep estimates that an additional $400, 000 will be spent in the future to service warranty claims related to 2010 sales. Prepare Streep’s journal entry to record the $70, 000 expenditure, and the December 31 adjusting entry. 2010 Warranty expense 70, 000 Cash 12/31/10 70, 000 Warranty expense 400, 000 Warranty liability 13 -57 400, 000 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Premiums and Coupons Companies should charge the costs of premiums and coupons to expense in the period of the sale that benefits from the plan. Accounting: u Estimate the number of outstanding premium offers that customers will present for redemption. u Charge cost of premium offers to Premium Expense and credits Premium Liability. 13 -58 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Illustration: Fluffy Cakemix Company offered its customers a large non-breakable mixing bowl in exchange for 25 cents and 10 boxtops. The mixing bowl costs Fluffy Cakemix Company 75 cents, and the company estimates that customers will redeem 60 percent of the boxtops. The premium offer began in June 2011 and resulted in the transactions journalized below. Fluffy Cakemix Company records purchase of 20, 000 mixing bowls as follows. Inventory of Premium Mixing Bowls Cash 15, 000 $20, 000 x. 75 = $15, 000 13 -59 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Illustration: The entry to record sales of 300, 000 boxes of cake mix would be: 300, 000 x. 80 = $240, 000 Cash 240, 000 Sales 240, 000 Fluffy records the actual redemption of 60, 000 boxtops, the receipt of 25 cents per 10 boxtops, and the delivery of the mixing bowls as follows. Cash [(60, 000 / 10) x $0. 25] Premium Expense Inventory of Premium Mixing Bowls 13 -60 Computation: (60, 000 / 10) x $0. 75 = $4, 500 1, 500 3, 000 4, 500 LO 4

Common Types of Provisions Illustration: Finally, Fluffy makes an end-of-period adjusting entry for estimated liability for outstanding premium offers (boxtops) as follows. Premium Expense Premium Liability 13 -61 6, 000 LO 4

Common Types of Provisions Environmental Provisions A company must recognize an environmental liability when it has an existing legal obligation associated with the retirement of a long-lived asset and when it can reasonably estimate the amount of the liability. 13 -62 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Environmental Provisions Obligating Events. Examples of existing legal obligations, which require recognition of a liability include, but are not limited to: ► Decommissioning nuclear facilities, ► Dismantling, restoring, and reclamation of oil and gas properties, ► Certain closure, reclamation, and removal costs of mining facilities, ► 13 -63 Closure and post-closure costs of landfills. LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Environmental Provisions Measurement. A company initially measures an environmental liability at the best estimate of its future costs. Recognition and Allocation. To record an environmental liability a company includes ► the cost associated with the environmental liability in the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset, and ► 13 -64 records a liability for the same amount. LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Illustration: On January 1, 2010, Wildcat Oil Company erected an oil platform in the Gulf of Mexico. Wildcat is legally required to dismantle and remove the platform at the end of its useful life, estimated to be five years. Wildcat estimates that dismantling and removal will cost $1, 000. Based on a 10 percent discount rate, the fair value of the environmental liability is estimated to be $620, 920 ($1, 000 x. 62092). Wildcat records this liability on Jan. 1, 2011 as follows. Drilling platform Environmental liability 13 -65 620, 920 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Illustration: During the life of the asset, Wildcat allocates the asset retirement cost to expense. Using the straight-line method, Wildcat makes the following entries to record this expense. December 31, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 Depreciation expense ($620, 920 / 5) Accumulated depreciation 13 -66 124, 184 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Illustration: In addition, Wildcat must accrue interest expense each period. Wildcat records interest expense and the related increase in the environmental liability on December 31, 2011, as follows. December 31, 2011 Interest expense ($620, 092 x 10%) Environmental liability 13 -67 62, 092 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Illustration: On January 10, 2016, Wildcat contracts with Rig Reclaimers, Inc. to dismantle the platform at a contract price of $995, 000. Wildcat makes the following journal entry to record settlement of the liability. January 10, 2016 Environmental liability 1, 000 Gain on settlement of liability Cash 13 -68 5, 000 995, 000 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Onerous Contract Provisions “The unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations exceed the economic benefits expected to be received. ” The expected costs should reflect the least net cost of exiting from the contract, which is the lower of 1. the cost of fulfilling the contract, or 2. the compensation or penalties arising from failure to fulfill the contract. 13 -69 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Onerous Contract Provisions Illustration: Sumart Sports operates profitably in a factory that it has leased and on which it pays monthly rentals. Sumart decides to relocate its operations to another facility. However, the lease on the old facility continues for the next three years. Unfortunately, Sumart cannot cancel the lease nor will it be able to sublet the factory to another party. The expected costs to satisfy this onerous contract are € 200, 000. In this case, Sumart makes the following entry. Loss on lease contract Lease contract liability 13 -70 200, 000 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Onerous Contract Provisions Assume the same facts as above for the Sumart example and the expected costs to fulfill the contract are € 200, 000. However, Sumart cancel the lease by paying a penalty of € 175, 000. In this case, Sumart should record the liability as follows. Loss on lease contract Lease contract liability 13 -71 175, 000 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Restructurings are defined as a “program that is planned and controlled by management and materially changes either 1. the scope of a business undertaken by the company; or 2. the manner in which that business is conducted. ” Companies are required to have a detailed formal plan for the restructuring and to have raised a valid expectation to those affected by implementation or announcement of the plan. 13 -72 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Restructuring Provisions IFRS provides specific guidance related to certain costs and losses that should be excluded from the restructuring provision. Illustration 13 -9 13 -73 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Common Types of Provisions Restructuring Provisions Illustration 13 -10 13 -74 LO 4

Common Types of Provisions Self-Insurance Self-insurance is not insurance, but risk assumption. There is little theoretical justification for the establishment of a liability based on a hypothetical charge to insurance expense. Conditions for accrual stated in IFRS are not satisfied prior to the occurrence of the event. 13 -75 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Disclosures Related To Provisions A company must provide a reconciliation of its beginning to ending balance for each major class of provisions, identifying what caused the change during the period. In addition, ► Provision must be described and the expected timing of any outflows disclosed. ► Disclosure about uncertainties related to expected outflows as well as expected reimbursements should be provided. 13 -76 LO 4 Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

Contingent Liabilities Contingent liabilities are not recognized in the financial statements because they are 1. A possible obligation (not yet confirmed), 2. A present obligation for which it is not probable that payment will be made, or 3. A present obligation for which a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made. 13 -77 LO 5 Identify the criteria used to account for and disclose contingent liabilities and assets.

Contingent Liabilities Guidelines 13 -78 Illustration 13 -12 LO 5 Identify the criteria used to account for and disclose contingent liabilities and assets.

Contingent Assets A contingent asset is a possible asset that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the company. Typical contingent assets are: 1. Possible receipts of monies from gifts, donations, bonuses. 2. Possible refunds from the government in tax disputes. 3. Pending court cases with a probable favorable outcome. Contingent assets are not recognized on the statement of financial position. 13 -79 LO 5 Identify the criteria used to account for and disclose contingent liabilities and assets.

Contingent Assets Contingent Asset Guidelines Illustration 13 -14 Contingent assets are disclosed when an inflow of economic benefits is considered more likely than not to occur (greater than 50 percent). 13 -80 LO 5 Identify the criteria used to account for and disclose contingent liabilities and assets.

Presentation of Current Liabilities u Usually reported at their full maturity value. u Difference between present value and the maturity value is considered immaterial. 13 -81 LO 6 Indicate how to present and analyze liability-related information.

Presentation of Current Liabilities Illustration 13 -15 13 -82 LO 6 Indicate how to present and analyze liability-related information.

Analysis of Current Liabilities Liquidity regarding a liability is the expected time to elapse before its payment. Two ratios to help assess liquidity are: 13 -83 LO 6 Indicate how to present and analyze liability-related information.

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