13 1 Changing the Living World Concept Map

13. 1 - Changing the Living World

Concept Map Section 13 -1 Selective Breeding consists of Inbreeding Hybridization which crosses Similar organisms Dissimilar organisms Organism breed A Go to Section: for example Organism breed B Organism breed A which Retains desired characteristics Combines desired characteristics

Selective Breeding § Selective breeding has been used thousands of years by humans § Dogs have been bred to hunt, be better retrievers or make them hypo-allergenic § Humans select desired traits to pass on to the next generations § Almost all domestic animals and most crops have been produced by selective breeding

Hybridization § Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both traits § Creates hybrids § Can help create plants that are naturally resistant to pests and disease Liger Leopon Cama

Inbreeding § Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics § Ensures that each breed stays unique § Maintains desired traits § Happens with dogs quite often § Does have risks: § Can increase genetic defects § Many breeds of dogs have joint problems and other issues because of this

Increasing Variation § Breeders sometimes increase genetic variation in a population by inducing mutations § Mutations are inheritable § New kinds of bacteria § Produce bacteria that breakdown oil § New kinds of plants § Plants can be produced that are polyploid § Polyploid = extra set of chromosomes