128 Rule of the Directory n n n

1/28: Rule of the Directory n n n After the Terror ended in 1794, the constitution changed again. The Jacobins were forced out and the Directory came to power “coup d'état” Their goal was to restore order and implement a new government. In place of bellwork today, read about the Directory! Answer the six questions at the bottom of the page. 1799 - The Directory appointed Napoleon Bonaparte as leader

Napoleon was a successful and popular general who led the French military in Africa & Europe.

Rule of Napoleon (1804 -1815) n n Napoleon will not only bring an end to the revolution, but he also implemented many successful domestic and foreign policies. Domestic – improves economy, education, law, equality, building projects, etc. Foreign – invades Europe, expands empire, builds strong military To learn more about Napoleon’s domestic and foreign achievements, you will read pages 517 -521 and complete the worksheet.

BELLWORK: BLOCK 1 Finish the reading and worksheet about Napoleon FIRST. Then, answer these questions for review 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. How did Napoleon stabilize the economy? Describe Napoleon’s Civil Code. List three countries Napoleon went to war with. Why was he successful? What is nationalism? How did Napoleon contribute to the rise in nationalism? THINKER: Why do you think Napoleon is considered one of the greatest military/political leaders of all time?

Napoleon’s Legacy • • • Stopped the French Revolution Napoleonic Code: Equality before the law Religious toleration Advancement by merit rather than birth (New Bureaucracy) Reformed tax system Promoted education Improved agriculture and industry Military build-up

Control of Europe: Napoleon’s Empire Napoleonic Wars Napoleon abolished the Roman Empire, conquered Germanic States and expanded to Russia. By 1811, Napoleon controlled most of Europe Eventually, foreigners living under Napoleon’s control began to unite against him.

Relationship with Britain In 1805, Napoleon wanted to invade Britain to settle their decades-long rivalry. Battle of Trafalgar—Napoleon attempted a naval invasion of Britain but was defeated. As a result, he attempted to economically punish Britain with the Continental Economic System (stop trading with England!)

Economic changes: Continental System Napoleon forbade his conquered lands to trade with Britain responded by blockading ships headed to European ports Britain maintained control of the seas, and the French economy suffered from the Continental System The French Empire still grew, but battles now focused on land.

Nationalism Napoleon’s dominance in Europe created a strong sense of nationalism in conquered territories Pride in one’s country & desire for self-rule Foreigners living under French control began to resent Napoleon’s rule and taxes Nationalism! In 1812, European rulers began to team up against Napoleon

Discussion: In December 1804, Pope Pius VII conducted a ceremony to crown Napoleon emperor. During the ceremony, Napoleon took the crown from the pope and placed it on his own head. What do you think this symbolized? What does this tell you about Napoleon’s personality/character?

Video: Napoleon – Steel Monster • Now that we have finished learning about the French Revolution, you are going to watch a video on French history – from beginnings to Napoleon. • It focuses on engineering and architectural advances. • Answer all questions on the worksheet!

Bastille Day July 14 th!

January 31: No bellwork today! ***Read “The Fall of Napoleon” 522 -523 and answer these questions in your notes: • Why did Napoleon invade Russia? • How did Russia respond to Napoleon’s invasion? • Why did Napoleon fail to takeover Russia?

Napoleon’s Downfall In 1812, Napoleon assembled 600, 000 men to invade Russia adopted the Scorched-Earth Policy— to destroy everything before the French could seize it.

Russia continued… By the time the French retreated from Russia, 400, 000 men had died of starvation, exposure to the extreme Russian winter, or battle wounds. October 1813, Russia, Prussia and Austria joined together to defeat France.

Europe post-Napoleon From the failed invasion of Russia to the Congress of Vienna

Napoleon’s Demise March 1814, Napoleon was forced to abdicate and power was restored to Louis XVIII (brother of Louis XVI) Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba (Italy) and French borders were restored to where they had been prior to 1792

Napoleon’s Defeat March 1, 1815 Napoleon returned to France and won the support of many people The Hundred Days: the period Napoleon ruled but claimed no more territorial claims June 1815 Britain, Prussia and the Netherlands began a march towards France Napoleon met them in Waterloo (Netherlands) Napoleon was easily defeated and placed under house arrest on the island of St. Helena. He died there in 1821.

Napoleon’s exile on St. Helena Island Longwood House: his residence during exile

Europe After Napoleon Congress of Vienna: Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia met in Vienna (1815) Wanted to work out a peace agreement for Europe Hoped to restore balance of power in Europe by changing national borders and settling disputes among nations

Congress of Vienna • Conference of ambassadors of European states held in Vienna from September 1814 to June 1815 • Goal: provide a long-term peace for Europe by settling critical issues from the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. • The goal was not simply to restore old boundaries, but to resize the main powers so they could balance each other off and remain at peace. • First time any continental powers met face-to-face in a meeting. • Mostly led by Austria, Russia, Prussia, Britain & France.

Why would the European powers want to restore the map to its pre -French Rev borders?

Video: Napoleon – Steel Monster • Now that we have finished learning about the French Revolution, you are going to watch a video on French history – from beginnings to Napoleon. • It focuses on engineering and architectural advances. • Answer all questions on the worksheet!

French Revolution Review Flowchart • Complete the following flowchart in your notes! • List the twelve events in chronological order • This is review over the French Revolution! • • • Meeting of the Estates-General Storming of the Bastille Congress of Vienna Robespierre is executed Declaration of Rights of Man/Citizen Reign of Terror Formation of the National Assembly Louis/Marie Antoinette executed Directory comes to power Radicals take over the Assembly Tennis Court Oath Napoleon becomes emperor

French Revolution Review • Eight-Panel Cartoon Strip

NAPOLEON INFO • http: //www. history. com/topics/napoleon

PAST BELLWORK 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Why did radicals come to power in the National Assembly? How were they different than the moderates? Who was Robespierre? What was his goal? How did the Reign of Terror end? What is a coup d'état? THINKER: What was the Directory? What was their goal in France? (page 516)

• PAST BELLWORK Use yesterday’s worksheet or pages 517 -521 to answer the following: 1. Why did the Directory allow Napoleon to come to power? 2. What was the Napoleonic Code? 3. Describe Napoleon's military successes. Why was he able to build a large empire? 4. What was the Continental System? 5. THINKER: In December 1804, Pope Pius VII conducted a ceremony to crown Napoleon emperor. During the ceremony, Napoleon took the crown from the pope and placed it on his own head. What do you think this symbolized? What does this tell you about Napoleon’s personality/character?

PAST BELLWORK 1. What is nationalism? ***Read “The Fall of Napoleon” 522 -523 2. Why did Napoleon invade Russia? 3. How did Russia respond to Napoleon’s invasion? 4. Why did Napoleon fail to takeover Russia?