12 Natural Selection Natural selection is the result

12. Natural Selection Natural selection is the result of “survival of the fittest. ” “Fittest” actually has little to do with physical or mental fitness and completely to do with fitting into an environment. Organisms that are more “fit” survive, reproduce, and perpetuate the genes that made them survive in the first place. Those organisms that are not “fit” die, along with the traits that were no help to them.

http: //users. rcn. com/jkimball. ma. ultranet/Biology Pages/E/Evolution. html

http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Antibiotic_resistance http: //www. medicaltourismmag. com/article/anti biotic-resistant-superbugs-a-rising-threat-formedical-tourists. html

Genetic Variation within a Population http: //evolution. berkeley. edu/evolibrary/art icle/agriculture_04

http: //bioap. wikispaces. com/Ch 22+Collabo ration+2011

What Darwin expected to find in the fossil record. Haeckel's Paleontological Tree of Vertebrates (c. 1879). http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Age-of-Man-wiki. jpg

http: //echinoblogspot. com/2011/10/star fish-are-mystery-ask-echinoblog. html

Descent with Modification http: //bioap. wikispaces. com/Ch 22+Collaborati on+2011

http: //evolution. berkeley. edu/evolib rary/article/0_0_0/evo_11

The earliest horseshoe crab fossils are found in strata from the late Ordovician period, roughly 450 million years ago. http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Horseshoe_crab

1. Dragonflies are living fossils, having remained unchanged for over 300 million years. The fossil at the right is from the Pennsylvanian Period and is at least 300 million years old. http: //www. hinesdragonfly. org/new_page_2. htm

The coelacanths, which are related to lungfishes and tetrapods, were believed to have been extinct since the end of the Cretaceous period.

Bullhead sharks are a small order (Heterodontiformes). From Jurassic time period to present. http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bullhead_shark

http: //www. nature. com/nature/journal/v 40 2/n 6757/fig_tab/402021 a 0_F 1. html

http: //carbonpilgrim. files. wordp ress. com/2013/02/on-the-trailof-primitivelife_cambrian_explosion. jpg

Descent with Modification http: //bioap. wikispaces. com/Ch 22+Collaborati on+2011

Human Ancestry

http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/nova /hobbit/tree-nf. html

About the Pace of Evolution Phyletic gradualism—slow steady divergence of lineages:

Punctuated equilibrium—a large amount of change in a short time tied to a speciation event: Macromutation—a big mutation produces sudden evolutionary change skipping over transitional forms:

http: //www. bio. utexas. edu/faculty/sjasper/Bio 301 M/originsp. html

http: //www. zo. utexas. edu/faculty/sj asper/images/24. 17. gif

http: //designmatrix. wordpress. com/2011/07/29/evolutionarythought-experiment/

http: //theboxmove. weebly. com/biology. html

Evolution of Plants. Appeared in a special Scientific American issue devoted to the evolution of life (ed. note: need to find citation). This Evolutionary systematics spindle diagram plots generic diversity (width) against time (vertical axis). In contrast to cladistics, the tree is rooted in ancestral groups and paraphyletic taxa. Angiosperms are related forms are shown in turquoise, gymnosperms in darker blue. http: //palaeos. com/glossary. html#rank