12 Ge V ACCELERATOR OVERVIEW Leigh Harwood Associate

12 Ge. V ACCELERATOR OVERVIEW Leigh Harwood Associate Project Manager for Accelerator Systems Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05

High-level Parameters Beam energy 12 Ge. V Beam power 1 MW Beam current (Hall D) 5 µA Emittance @ 12 Ge. V 10 nm-rad Energy spread @ 12 Ge. V 0. 02% Simultaneous beam delivery Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 Up to 3 halls 2

CEBAF @ 6 Ge. V Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 3

Paradigm for Accelerator Systems It’s about the physics! Accelerator costs must be minimized while ensuring delivery of required beams so available funding can be maximally devoted to nuclear physics research program. • Meet the requirements and a few “design goals” but no “wouldn’t it be nice…. . ” • Leverage available parts • • 6 Ge. V CEBAF accelerator Tunnel Service buildings Cryogenic plant components • Must ensure reliable operation Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 4

116 Ge. V CEBAF 12 Upgrade magnets and power supplies CHL-2 Two 1. 1 0. 6 GV linacs New cryomodules get new rf zones Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 5

Infrastructure JLab has extensive experience in all activities required for upgrading the accelerator. üRequired facilities are in place üRequired procedures & policies are in place üExperienced Staff • Many were part of original CEBAF construction • Strong recent experience base • SNS • FEL • Ongoing CEBAF support Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 6

EH&S 12 Ge. V accelerator upgrade activities will use established practices • EH&S policies and procedures are in place Hazard analysis and task planning with risk mitigation are integral to all tasks. Two things distinguish JLab from typical “light industry” context • Hydrofluoric acid (cryomodule construction) • Personnel safety: Facility design (enclosed chemistry); procedures; and training • Environmental protection: Double containment during shipping (not required by DOT); on-site neutralization; and on-site Haz. Mat team as backup to municipal Haz. Mat team. • Radiation (cryomodule construction/checkout plus beam commissioning) • Personnel safety: Facility design; PSS (cryomodule construction and beam operation); BELS; procedures, and training • Environmental protection: Facility design; BELS; procedures, and training. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 7

ACCELERATOR COST DISTRIBUTION AS % OF TEC Accelerator Systems Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 8

Scope of Accelerator Systems Cryomodules TEC = $16. 1 M • Increase linac acceleration by 0. 5 GV/linac • 10 new cryomodules (5 per linac) • Required average on-line performance • 100 MV/cryomodule; < 300 W @ 2 K • Target performance (includes margin to ensure on-line performance is met) • 108 MV/cryomodule; < 300 W @ 2 K • Prototype’s cavities exceed this • Cryomodule Design Review held April 14 -15, 2005 • Positive report • Endorsed our plan • Panel’s report was in your pre-brief material (FY 05$, direct) Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 9

Cryomodule Review – April 14/15, 2005 Panel’s responses to questions in the charge: • Will the chosen design meet the performance requirements? • “Answer is yes, the chosen design of the cryomodule and its major components will meet the performance requirements of the 12 Ge. V CEBAF Upgrade. ” • Are there any open technical risks? If so, is the R&D plan adequate to answer them? • “Yes to both parts” • Is the cost estimate appropriate for this stage of the project? • “Yes, in fact it is unusually good for this stage of a project. ” • Is the proposed schedule viable? • “The schedule is viable. ” • Are ES&H matters being properly addressed? • “We were very favorably impressed by the acid safety program and features” • “We recommend that you develop a plan to create a formal failure mode analysis for the 12 Ge. V cryomodule-cryogenics system” Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 10

Scope of Accelerator Systems (cont’d) Cryogenics • Requirement: TEC = $18. 6 M Supply cooling for new cryomodules • 3000 W @ 2 K plus headroom • Double present capacity (FY 05$, direct) • Will use in-hand redundant 2 K coldbox Power TEC = $17. 5 M • Provide required power for magnets (modified and new) • Almost all of the existing supplies are re-used • New supplies for dipole strings in arcs • Provide precisely controlled power for SRF cavities • Same topology as CEBAF and SNS (1 cavity/1 amplifier/1 control) • New low-level rf (LLRF) controls must meet tight spec’s • Technology demonstrator of digital system met the spec’s • 13 k. W amplifiers (klystrons or Inductive-Output-Tubes) Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 11

Scope of Accelerator Systems (cont’d) Beam Transport TEC = $10. 8 M • Modify existing beamline magnets/stands for 2. 2 Ge. V per pass acceleration (double field integrals) • ~5. 4 km of beamline • Minimal replacement is required • Add Arc 10 and Hall D beamlines Extraction TEC = $1. 5 M • Modify/add rf and magnetic components for 2. 2 Ge. V per pass acceleration • Straight-forward extension of present configuration • No new designs required • Re-uses all magnets and rf cavities in present configuration (FY 05$, direct) Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 12

Scope of Accelerator Systems (cont’d) I&C/Safety TEC= $5. 5 M • • Controls for new/upgraded magnet power supplies EPICS interfaces Beam diagnostics for new beamlines Add Hall D to personnel, equipment, and operational safety systems • 90% of scope is clones of existing hardware (FY 05$, direct) Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 13

ACCELERATOR COST DISTRIBUTION Accelerator TEC by sub-system 0. 3% Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 14

ACCELERATOR LEVEL 3 OPC ELEMENTS (FY 05 $K DIRECT) R&D • • Cost SRF: and prototype cryomodule technical margin performance; processing • Validate conceptual designs improvements; rf window design • Add technical contingency • Power: Digital low-level controls; klystron • Possibly reduce costs • Beam transport: magnet model • No major open technical questions validation Accelerator Pre-ops • Demonstrate 12 Ge. V capability of accelerator • Accelerator operation during commissioning of detector systems ACD Further mature the conceptual designs of systems needing long-lead procurements Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 15

ACCELERATOR LEVEL 3 TEC ELEMENTS (FY 05 $K DIRECT) I&C/Safety Strong basis for cost estimates • Cryomodules 3 prototypes • Cryogenics • Power • Beam transport • Extraction • I&C/Safety SNS experience FEL experience Clones of existing equipment Each system’s contingency reflects its relative risks Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 16

Accelerator (FY 05 $K Direct) Cryomodules Power Cryogenics Beam Trans. Extraction I&C/Safety Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 17

Accelerator Design/Construction/Commissioning Phasing Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 18

ACCELERATOR SYSTEMS TPC PROFILE Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 19

Accelerator Systems TEC Profile Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 20

Summary Accelerator scope is well defined Plan for delivering it and cost estimates build on: • Existing 6 Ge. V accelerator + infrastructure • Extensive experience • • CEBAF (construction and operation) FEL (construction and operation) SNS (construction) Additional Work-For-Others construction projects • Tested procedures and facilities Prudent R&D is planned • Focused on cost validation & improved technical contingency • No major technical questions remaining Contingency is appropriate for this stage of the project Accelerator systems are very ready for the Project’s next phase Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 21

Additional information Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05

Beam Physics Emittance & energy-spread Synchrotron radiation increases the emittance and energy spread above 6 Ge. V if existing optics are used Meets needs of research program No optics changes are required in existing beam transport. Þ Do not have to change magnets other than as required for increased beam energy BBU and HOM damping specification: • Z < 6 x 108 Ω/cm 2 for any mode Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 23

Cryogenics Existing plant is at full capacity with 6 Ge. V configuration. We must build a new plant. Have a crucial piece for a 2 nd plant. • Redundant 2 K cold-box (identical to primary cold-box) • After adding a 4 K system we get 4. 6 k. W Load for each of the two plants: • One existing linac • 5 new cryomodules • Reasonable headroom Available capacity for each new cryomodule • 2 K 300 W (allows 29 W/cavity of dynamic loss) • 50 K 300 W Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 24

Cryomodules What is needed? • Present: 6 Ge. V / 5 passes = 1. 2 Ge. V/pass = 0. 6 Ge. V/linac • 12 Ge. V: 12 Ge. V / 5. 5 passes = 2. 2 Ge. V/pass = 1. 1 Ge. V/linac Þ Need to add 0. 5 GV/linac Adding 0. 5 GV/linac • There are 5 empty zones at the end of each linac • Need ~100 MV/cryomodule (average) “ 100” MV cryomodules • • • Exact requirement is 98 MV (average for each linac) Add ~10% for operational contingency 108 MV/cryomodule 8 cavities/cryomodule 5. 6 m 7 /2 cells per cavity 108 MV 5. 6 m = 19. 2 MV/m Note: 108 MV/cryomodule and 19. 2 MV/m are goals for population averages Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 25

Cavity Testing Cavities met or exceeded requirement • No multi-pacting encountered • No cavities limitedby field-emission Exceeds Goal 29 W 19. 2 MV/m (108 MV) 21 MV/m (117 MV) 17. 5 MV/m (98 MV) Gradient (MV/m) Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 26

RF Power: 13 k. W/amplifier (saturated power) • Cavity gradients: 21 MV/m (exploit best cavities) • 6. 8 k. W of beam power • Detuning: 25 Hz • 4 Hz for tuner resolution; 21 Hz for microphonics • Losses in waveguides • Need margin for gain in feedback loop LLRF: New digital system • Optimum QL 2*107 • Amplitude control < 0. 01% • Phase control < 0. 2° • Quick turn-on < 1 sec • Hands-off resonance capture 20 k Hz Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 27

Beam Transport • Existing recirculation and transport to halls • 357 Dipoles • 730 Quads • >2000 power supplies • Arc 10 • Transport to Hall D Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 28 NEW

Magnets for First 5 Passes Arc dipoles (280; 1 -3 m long; B=0. 9 -1. 1 T at 12 Ge. V) • “C” style magnets will be changed to “H” style by adding iron to one side (eliminates saturation) • Field quality meets requirement Spreaders/recombiners dipoles (77; very congested region) • Some rework of layout details • Combination of approaches for increased fields • • “C” ➜ “H” Reshape pole Add turns Replace with new magnet Quads (730; 2. 5 -5. 0 cm ID; Bpole<0. 5 T) • Most need no change • Some get operated at 170% of design current • Already tested • Field quality same as at design current • ~80 new quads needed Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 29

Dipole Magnet Power Supplies Dipole power supplies • Arc dipoles are series powered • The system will use 36 large supplies of varying sizes up to 770 k. W • 21 can be re-used from the present inventory Power packs • 15 new ones must be added • Modular approach Quad/corrector supplies • ~2000 (10 A/30 V) presently • Need to add • 10 A/30 V 13 units • 20 A/65 V 172 units Current regulator Magnets Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 30

EXTRACTION 12 Ge. V configuration (not to scale) Elevation view Horizontally deflecting RF cavities (499 MHz, copper) Horizontally deflecting septa deflecting dipoles Plan view New Relocated Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 31

I&C/Safety Diagnostics • No new types of beam diagnostics are required. • Beam diagnostics will be unchanged in the 1 st five passes. • Additional units of existing types will be installed in Arc 10 and the beamline to Hall D Safety systems expansion (must equip Hall D) • Personnel: Personnel Safety System (PSS) • Environment & personnel: Beam Envelope Limiting System (BELS) • Equipment: Machine Protection System (MPS) Controls • Network • Controls software (doesn’t include LLRF or cryogenics) Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 32

Completed Accelerator Systems R&D • Cryomodules • Two prototype cryomodules (not 12 Ge. V funds) operating in CEBAF and FEL. • Validated thermal model for waveguide window cooling • Power (RF) • Successful demonstration of digital LLRF • Final spec’s and many components for digital LLRF control Underway (cost and technical validation) • “Full-up” 108 MV cryomodule prototype (“Renascence”) • Cavity performance exceeds 108 MV Planned (cost validation/reduction and technical contingency) • Power (RF) • Klystron testing • Testing of integrated LLRF controls • Vertically integrated system test on Renascence with beam • Beam Transport • S/R magnet design validation • Cryomodules • SRF/cryomodule procedures & processes (higher gradient) • RF window (cryomodule) performance Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 33

Backups Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05

Asst PM Labor WBS Person % PED (FY 06) PM/Tech % PED (FY 07) (FY 08) PM/Tech % Constr. (FY 09) PM/Tech % Constr. (FY 10) PM/Tech % Constr. (FY 11) PM/Tech % Constr. (FY 12) PM/Tech Cryomodules Preble 15% / 15% 25% / 25% 60% / 15% 50% / 25% 35% / 10% / 0% 15% / 15% Merz 15% / 10% 25% / 10% 60% / 15% 50% / 20% 35% / 10% / 0% 15% / 10% Arenius 15% / 15% 25% / 25% 60% / 15% 50% / 25% 35% / 0% 10% / 0% 15% / 15% Beam Transport Wiseman 15% / 25% / 45% 60% / 15% 50% / 25% 35% / 25% 10% / 0% 15% / 25% Extraction Spata 5% / 0% 25% / 25% 30% / 10% 25% / 5% 10% / 0% 5% / 0% I&C White 5% / 0% 25% / 10% 30% / 10% 25% / 0% 10% / 0% 5% / 0% Power Systems Cryogenics Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 35

Long Lead Cryomodules • Niobium • Cavities Cryogenics • 4 K coldbox Beam Transport • Magnet iron Power • Klystrons Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 36

Dipole Field Quality Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 37

Dipole Field Quality Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 38

Injector needs to deliver 125 Me. V beam at 12 Ge. V. Present injector capability is 70 Me. V. Plan for 125 Me. V: • Relocate high-performance cryomodule from main linacs • Install new RF controls plus upgraded power e-gun 5 MV 32. 5 MV 100 MV 70 138 Me. V Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 Main accelerator 39

Apertures Blue – Horizontal Red - Vertical Required/Available [%] Tune Mode 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 A 8 A Run Mode Longitudinal Location in the Accelerator Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 40 9 A 10 A

RF Power Budget • Maximum gradient • Want to be able to exploit the best cavities, i. e. not just average • Plan for 19. 2 MV/m + 10% 21 MV/m 6. 8 k. W for beam • Assume actual Qexternal might be 30% off optimum • Assume 25 Hz of detuning 4 Hz + 21 Hz (2 x tuner resolution of 2 Hz) (6 x σ of the existing cavities’ noise spectrum) • Need gain. Can’t run the klystron into saturation. • Losses in waveguides 6. 8 k. W 12. 8 k. W 13 k. W (Klystrons being developed with SBIR funding) Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 41

Dipoles in Existing Arcs 12 Ge. V needs ~2 x the present fields Simplest solution is to turn up the current Present magnets were designed for 6 Ge. V, so saturation occurs in the return leg if current is increased to get fields needed for 12 Ge. V Power would double (beyond that needed if there is no saturation). There is a simple and cheap way to add return iron. “C H” magnet New iron “C” dipole “C H”dipole Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U. S. Department of Energy Harwood; IPR; 7/12 -14/05 42