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12 A Devon Chloe Olivia Jake James Katie H Caragh Sarah Emily Christy Demi Katie Emma Louise Jessica Kacey Clare Danielle Brittany Joe

Learning Objective: to explore the psychosexual stages of development • ALL will know the five stages of psychosexual development • MOST will be able to analyse the result of fixations at a stage and the impact that this has on adult personality • SOME will construct the basis for the A 01 component of an essay on the psychodynamic approach DO NOW: read the poem on your desk, how might it relate to today’s learning objective?

Do Now: FEEDBACK • Philip Larkin, who, by the way, was a proper poet and therefore authorised to swear in print, was half-jokingly articulating an idea that is distinctly Freudian. • Namely, that our parents have an immense impact on how we turn our as adults. Not only do they act as models for our values and morals and the many positive things we may be or do but their actions can also shape our personalities in undesirable ways. • So, for a Freudian, a person’s immoral or criminal behaviour, their neuroses, fears, anxieties, depression and all sorts of other nasty things can usually be traced back to their parents’ behaviour or the way they related to their child. People don’t have any control over how they act – it’s all down to their parents.

• However, both Larkin and Freud make another point, which is often overlooked. Our parents didn’t do this because they were bad people. • They, in their turn, had no control over how they turned out because it was their parents who shaped them, and these were shaped by their parents and so on • So how does this happen, and can we predict what the outcome might be of parental behaviour when the child grows up? • Freud spent many years developing a theory of childhood development. It specifies how the child’s psyche changes as it grows up and describes the crucial influences on development at different times. • You may find some of its aspects rather unsettling, because Freud asks us to believe that right from the word ‘go’, children are driven by impulses that are sexual in nature.

Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development • At the root of Freud’s theory is the idea that all people are driven by an instinctual drive he called libido. This is often regarded as synonymous with ‘sex drive’ but Freud actually meant something closer to ‘life force’. • Whilst the libido is manifested in the sexual drives, it can take different forms. • Freud thought that libido originated in the body at different stages of development, the libido moves to a different area of the body, and this determines what the child finds pleasurable.

• Whatever the child enjoys, it will try to do. The tricky job the parents have is to strike a balance between letting the child over-indulge itself and denying it any pleasure at all. • If the parents get it wrong, the child may remain stuck in one or other of the stages of development, and immature, infantile drives will remain in their psyche and become part of the adult personality. This is called fixation. If the parents get it right, however, the child goes through each stage at the appropriate time and eventually emerges as a mature and well-balanced adult. This almost never happens.

+ Your Task: Make a note of the correct order of the Anal Toilet training begins at 18 – 36 months 6 -puberty the sexual drive is dormant (asleep) energies go towards making friends psychosexual stages development At 0 -18 months of a baby gains nourishment, from, initially, using the age information to help you! the mother’s breast. 3 -6 years gender identification occurs, focus is on the genital area Puberty and beyond – individuals seek heterosexual pleasure through intercouse Latent Oral

At 0 -18 months a baby gains nourishment, from, initially, the mother’s breast. Oral Anal Toilet training begins at 18 – 36 months 3 -6 years gender identification occurs, focus is on the genital area Latent 6 -puberty the sexual drive is dormant (asleep) energies go towards making friends + Puberty and beyond – individuals seek heterosexual pleasure through intercouse

A useful mnemonic. . . Old Age Pensioners Love Gardening

Learning Objectives • ALL will know the five stages of psychosexual development • MOST will be able to analyse the result of fixations at a stage and the impact that this has on adult personality • SOME will construct the basis for the A 01 component of an essay on the psychodynamic approach

Thinking further. . . the impact on adult personality • Smoking, chewing pens & fingernails etc. Overeating & drinking. Sarcasm and verbal hostility. • Fixation does not happen in this stage. • Obsessive tidiness, neatness. Intolerance, meanness • Sloppiness, disorganization, untidiness. Defiance, recklessness and excessive generosity. • Men: feelings of anxiety and guilt about sex. Fear of castration. Possibly vanity, self obsession. Women: feelings of inferiority and envy. • Fixation at this stage is what should happen, and indicates a well-adjusted adult. Use page 15 of your book to decide which behaviours come from fixation at which stage and WHY

Learning Objectives • ALL will know the five stages of psychosexual development • MOST will be able to analyse the result of fixations at a stage and the impact that this has on adult personality • SOME will construct the basis for the A 01 component of an essay on the psychodynamic approach

Extension: are there any A 02 points you A 01: Where are we up to so far? can include yet? • Remember your A 01 component should be structured around the KEY ASSUMPTIONS • This lesson: ‘Childhood experiences determine adult personality’ • Last lesson: ‘Unconscious processes of which we are unaware, determine our behaviour’ and ‘Personality has three parts: the id, ego and superego’ • Your task is to ‘pad out’ these key assumptions using 2 -3 sentences per assumption

Sum up your learning in: 3 sentences, then Learning Objectives 3 words • ALL will know the five stages of psychosexual development • MOST will be able to analyse the result of fixations at a stage and the impact that this has on adult personality • SOME will construct the basis for the A 01 component of an essay on the psychodynamic approach

Next lesson(s). . . • Oedipus and Electra complexes • Little Hans case study • Evaluation • ONE MORE APPROACH TO COMPLETE AFTER HALF TERM