12 000 Years of American Indian History The

12, 000 Years of American Indian History The Blast IU 17 Fellowship Pennsylvania Intermediate Unit 17 Fall 2010 Colloquium

Catch my Campaign Dr. Yohuru Williams & Anthony Fitzpatrick

Pennsylvania Common Core Standards • 8. 2. 4. C. 5. Physical and human geography • 7. 1. 7. B. Explain and locate places and regions as defined by physical and human features • 8. 1. 7. A. Demonstrate continuity and change over time using sequential order and context of events. • 7. 4. 12. A. Analyze the global effects of changes in the physical systems.

The Ice Age

How do we know where a glacier stops?

Changing Flora and Fauna Over Time

Ice sheet on Ellsmere Island, Canada

Tundra: Semi-frozen Sub Arctic Plain The Transition from Tundra to Deciduous Forests

The Eastern Shoreline 18, 000 Years Ago

Florida 20 K BP

Great Lakes from Space

Great Lakes 18, 000 BP

12 KBP

10 KBP

8, 000 BP

18 KBP

12 KBP

9 KBP

6 KBP

Modern

United States, 16, 000 Years Ago R. G. Larson, Illinois State Museum

Giant Beaver (Castoroides ohioensis) Extinct 8 Ft.

Long-snouted Peccary (Mylohyus nasutus) Extinct

Long-snouted Peccary (Mylohyus nasutus)

Peccary Finds in the U. S. (Faunmap Database, Illinois State Museum)

Jefferson's ground sloth (Megalonyx jeffersonii) Extinct Reconstruction by the University of Iowa Museum of Natural History

Ground Sloth Finds in the U. S. (Faunmap Database, Illinois State Museum)

Caribou (Rangifer tarandus)

American Mastodon (Mammut americanum) Extinct R. G. Larson, Illinois State Museum

American Mastodon, Mammut americanum Photograph: Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt

Mastodon Finds in the U. S. (Faunmap Database, Illinois State Museum)

Jefferson’s Mammoth (Mammuthus columbi jeffersonii) Extinct

Mammoth Finds in the Midwestern U. S. Woolly mammoth finds are shown with red squares; Jefferson's mammoth finds are shown as yellow triangles. Green dots indicate finds that cannot be identified to species.

America’s Oldest Known Artist? 13 KBP Vero Beach

Hypothetical American Indian Local Sequence in Archaeology Woodland Period 2000 BP Archaic Period 8000 BP Paleo Indian Period 12000 BP

The Evolution of Projectile Point Typology

An Archaeological Local Sequence Woodland Period Circa 1000 BP Raising Corn, Beans and Squash Circa 2000 BP Cultivating Grasses, Bow and Arrow Circa 3000 BP Pottery Archaic Hunters and Gatherers Semi Nomadic Circa 8000 BP Paleo Indians Nomadic Herd Hunters Circa 12000 BP

Smilodon It weighed about 440 lbs (200 kg). It was a bit smaller than a modern-day lion (Panthera leo), but much heavier. Extinct Circa 10 KBC

Paleo Indians And Mega Fauna

PALEO INDIAN TOOL KIT

Paleo Indian Projectile Points

An Archaeological Local Sequence Woodland Period Circa 1000 BP Raising Corn, Beans and Squash Circa 2000 BP Cultivating Grasses, Bow and Arrow Circa 3000 BP Pottery Archaic Hunters and Gatherers Semi Nomadic Seasonal Campgrounds Circa 8000 BP Circa 12000 BP Paleo Indians Nomadic Herd Hunters

ARCHAIC PERIOD POINTS

The Style and Diversity of Projectile Points and Tool Kits Expands With Each Period Tools became varied and include more ground, polished and bone tools. They developed grooved axes, pestles, etc. Fishing becomes more important and net sinkers and fish hooks appear.

An Archaeological Local Sequence Woodland Period Circa 1000 BP Raising Corn, Beans and Squash Circa 2000 BP Cultivating Grasses, Bow and Arrow Circa 3000 BP Pottery Archaic Hunters and Gatherers Semi Nomadic Circa 8000 BP Circa 12000 BP Paleo Indians Nomadic Herd Hunters

A Mississippian Monolithic Ax L: 13" Spiro Mounds Le Flore Co. , OK Under 10 have been found nationwide.

Burial and Ceremonial Mounds Great Serpent Mound Ohio

Location of Mounds in North America The Mound Builders Heavily Influenced Indian Culture Throughout North America

The Three Sisters of the Garden

WOODLAND POINTS

Woodland Period Pottery Early Middle Late

Guns, Germs and Steel The First Globalization

EUROPEAN CONTACT

FROM THIS

TO THIS

COLONIAL ARTIFACTS

18 th and 19 TH CENTURY HOMES

LIGHTING BOTTLE AND GLASS MANUFACTURE