11 PEDU Mr Paulger Figueroas Framework The Cultural

11 PEDU: Mr Paulger Figueroa’s Framework: The Cultural Level

The Cultural Level �The cultural level of Figueroa’s Framework includes a society’s values, beliefs and attitudes, which are the product of factors that include the social group’s history, culture and ethnic background.

Cont… �Sporting Identity �Socialisation �Gender roles and stereotypes �Hegemonic Masculinity �Ethnic Identity

Sporting Identity �Our achievements in sport have helped shape the value that Australians now place on sport. �Our social and cultural attitudes and beliefs affect the sports we choose to play. For example, Australia’s sporting history and culture has led to the high status of sports in which we excel, such as swimming, cricket, Australian rules football and rugby league, while other sports such as orienteering, squash and badminton have been marginalised.

Socialisation �Socialisation is the process by which individual beliefs, opinions and values are shaped by society. �At the cultural level of Figueroa’s framework, the main socialising influences are society’s beliefs about gender roles and ethnic identity. These social determinants can influence whether individuals participate in sport, their choice of sport and their level of achievement.

Gender Roles and Stereotypes � Society expects males and females to adopt, believe in, and fulfill specific gender roles and conform to established stereotypes. � Gender stereotypes have long been a contentious issue in sport. Sport requires participants to be competitive, courageous, determined, muscular, powerful and strong. These qualities are largely associated with male gender stereotypes. � On the other hand, female gender stereotypes expect women to be quiet, passive and nurturing; these are not qualities ideally suited to sport.

Cont… �Women who actively participated in sport have often been regarded as masculine and unattractive as their bodies became more muscular and lost their femininity. �Men who participate in sports that require more feminine qualities, such as gracefulness or the ability to express emotions, are subjected to scrutiny and criticism. �Both boys and girls have limited access to sport based on their gender.

Hegemonic Masculinity �Sport is another area of our society that has been dominated by men. Sport reinforces hegemonic masculinity by celebrating stereotypically masculine activities and attributes, and restricting the behaviour of women.

Cont… � Women have been fighting for equality, and we have certainly seen improvements, but the subordinate role of women in sport continues to be reinforced by practices such as: giving women’s activities less government funding than men’s providing less media coverage for women’s sports than for men’s offering less prize money for women’s sports than for men’s identifying women’s competition by their gender to differentiate them from the men’s (for example, WNBL and NBL)

Ethnic Identity �Australia’s sporting culture has been strongly influenced by the country’s British and colonial heritage. However, Australia is an incredibly multicultural society. Our sporting culture has been influenced by Indigenous Australians and by the many migrants that have come to Australia from all parts of the world.

Cont… �Australians from different cultural backgrounds choose to participate in different sports and have different attitudes and beliefs about sports and physical activities. Cultural stereotypes based on ethnic background can either promote participation in particular sports and physical activities or reinforce barriers that prevent participation.

Task �Complete the Figueroa’s Framework: The Cultural Level worksheet attached to the 11 PEDU Figueroa’s Framework webpage: https: //sites. google. com/site/11 pedumrpaulger /lesson-s/figueroa-s-framework